Selling Car 7. But not every Flashback is a Frame Story. For example, you are given two options. Don't subscribeAllReplies to my comments Notify me of followup comments via e-mail. For example, A study conducted by Revlin on the undergraduates students in 2012 revealed that students were more likely to choose the meat package that was labelled as 75 per cent lean meat than the package that was labelled as 25 per cent fat meat provided both the labels means the same thing. Option A: You have an equal probability of either losing 300 dollars from your account or winning 500 dollars in your account. 3. On the other hand, if the product cost 500 dollars, then 50 dollars off would lure more potential customers than the 10 per cent off. Heuristics is considered one of the primary factors that lead to the framing effect. The primary point of concern about the heuristics is that the people fail to identify that the decisions are influenced by the heuristics. Finally, some readers need a reason for a story to be told at all. The framing device for Pierre Boulles Planet of the Apes, for instance, doesnt fundamentally change the story or, arguably, even really offer a new view on it, but it does offer the space for a final revelation, allowing the story to go out on a bang without forcing an extra twist into the main plot. This study reveals that the people become more conscious and they become able to interpret the framing manipulation of the foreign language. This use of a framing device in The Princess Bride hardly breaks the mould. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. This pilgrimage frame story brings together a number of storytellers, who appear with vivid personality traits, and build up dramatic relationships with one another and with the tales they tell. The framing effect activates the contracts bias of the mind (a mental shortcut) that makes people perceive option B as more profitable ($2500-$1700=$800) than option A ($500-$300=$200). Books Everyone Says They've Read (But Actually Haven't), Seen It is a new app from the creators of List Challenges. Its the tendency of the human brain to focus on the information that aligns with the previously stored information or knowledge. The first option may risk the life of 400 people, and in the second option, the probability that everyone dies was 66% and the likelihood that no one dies was 33%. Well probably never know. This character even explicitly says hes cutting out the boring bits and, thanks to the framing device, the reader is willing to accept the intrusion. Prospect theory refers to a psychological theory of decision making developed by the psychologist Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky in 1979 (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). An inverted relationship between the syntactic elements of parallel phrases. Diction is one of the most important literary devices in prose, as every prose writer will use it. This framing device allows Chaucer to have each character introduce themselves, and it opens up the poem so each character can tell multiple embedded stories. This is how a group of Harvard students discussed the use of framing devices: Of the many framing strategies used by lawyers and judges, four are . (LogOut/ Change). The worst example of this is when someone wakes up and the whole story was a dream. Additionally, the outer Frame Story often adds crucial thematic meaning to the larger narrative. This happens because peoples decisions got influenced by the framing effect. Here, we see the Author speak directly to a camera to set up the story hes about to tell. For example, you want to buy a honey bottle and you see two honey bottles with different taglines at the grocery store. Option A suggested the surgery while option B suggested the radiation treatment to cure lung cancer. The findings of both the experiments showed that endorsement or the recommendation from a credible source does impact the peoples decisions and their chances of falling victim to the framing effect are reduced or even eliminated in some cases. These shortcuts generally help in making the decision quickly but they can also result in making bad decisions. Here are 5 ways to help you determine the best frame for your narrative nonfiction: Read creative nonfiction. Framing Effects Examples in Real Life 1. You can view movies and shows in one place and filter by streaming provider, genre, release year, runtime, and rating (Rotten Tomatoes, Imdb, and/or Metacritic). There are really two stories going on. Choose your topic Choose and research the topic of your writing and the specific actions you want your readers to take. Its not just a trick, either; the stories are related by theme and reading one informs the others (in some cases, theyre even necessary for understanding, as in the Black Mirror episode White Christmas, in which the first two stories do necessary world and theme building for the third). However, one can use the framing effect for their own benefit by framing the difficult tasks in a positive manner. It's a great example of how a framing device can help drive home tone, setting the story within the warm context of a grandfather telling his grandson a bedtime story. In this case, its intended to give the happy ending some kick by grounding it in a more realistic, domestic setting. The graphic can also be used in For example: "Time for bed!" said Grandma. This is how the visual framing works. The second half has less framing device, more space for the performers' personalities and is all the better for it . Framing Devices can help a screenwriter establish context, introduce a character, and/or set the tone. In any case, the more passionate you feel about the topic, the stronger your writing is likely to be. This is effective because it means that, when he expresses an opinion, it can be used to directly and indirectly influence the readers experience of the story. Framing. Anyway, on her journey, she learned all the skills she needed and she beat the heads one by one and she saved the prince and they married. In this example, first, they raised the problem by giving the negative frame then they gave the solution by using the positive frame that influence people to buy the product. They can raise the tension but they can also take away from it. This could be because the higher number appears to more superior to the lower number. For example, in Forrest Gump, the framing story (Forrest sitting on a bench and telling people his story) eventually merges with the story hes telling, so theyre really just one story. In the book, Dorothys adventures are real: a cyclone carries her off to Oz where she has fantastical adventures. In the second experiment, the subjects had to choose from the two hypothetical treatments. The documentary interview Framing Device inI, Tonyais warranted because it contributes to the overall theme of conflicting viewpoints. Look at the image below, you can see that the same thing is written four times but in a different style. And why go to the trouble of setting up the device if youre not going to use it? Suppose you are suffering from a disease and you are recommended to have surgery. Think about how the documentary interview footage steers the story inI, Tonyaor howThe Notebookis set up as a man in a retirement home reading a story to a fellow resident both are exceptional uses of Framing Devices that lead the audience into the main storyline. Most commonly, this is the case with short story collections some readers will happily pick them up, but some readers much prefer a frame to hold the stories together and make them a single entity. This article may contain affiliate links and we may earn a small commission when you click on the links at no additional cost to you. Whenever you are presented with any information or choices, try to rephrase it in different ways. "Once upon a time there was a brave knight. The framing device ensures that readers begin and end their reading with the same potent thought. The difference can be seen in literary and cinematic versions of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. But it executes the idea well and suits the story perfectly. What framing devices actually looks like can vary, but the rule of thumb is to ensure they truly serve the story and aren't superfluous. Some stories need a reason to be told. But Tims voiceover is not set up as a Framing Device. Let us discuss these types below. This technique, called procatalepsis, is most often used in speech but works just as effectively in writing. If the real price of a good is $20, then selling it as $10 off a $30 good sounds better than a $5 surcharge to a $15 good. Thats not the only way a framing device can improve your story, of course, so lets take a look at some more potential advantages. Vendor A calmly and without any enthusiasm says that his shop offers the best quality product, while vendor B confidently and with full enthusiasm says the same thing. There, he meets an elderly man named Zero Moustafa, who recounts the films main narrative, which itself centers on his own adventures as a young man. This shows how the voice inflexions or we can say auditory frame impacts the decisions of people. In other words, theyframetheir main story with another story. Option B represents the negative frame (loss of 2 million dollars), while option D represents the positive frame (gain of 6 million dollars). People prefer option B as they seek high profit. However, the writer forgets about them halfway through the book and these people are never mentioned again. Negative Frame- You will lose the chance to get a huge profit if you say no to this deal. Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There, Adding A B Plot Is The Simple Way To Improve Your Story, Writing An Epilogue Can Be Useful (As Long As You Do It Right), 6 Ways To Hook Your Reader From The Start (UPDATED AND IMPROVED), 6 Things You Need To Know About Character Development (UPDATED AND IMPROVED). You decide to take suggestions from two professors. Some examples of this could be: An example of this is the movie The Princess Bride, where the grandfather is telling the story to his sick grandson. First and foremost, Frame Stories allow the writer to anticipate the audiences reactions. 15. Marketers use the positive and negative frames to trick people and make a profit. However, if we use the tagline Best in Class Fuel Economy, potential customers are likely to fall for this framing manipulation and they tend to make a purchase considering it a good deal. For example, a patient is more likely to agree to the operation if you say to him/her that there are 90% chances of his/her survival after the operation than if you say that there are 10% chances of his/her survival after the operation. Positive Frame- Team X managed to make its place in the top 5 best teams. The movie begins with a young woman visiting the grave of a renowned writer known simply as The Author. In her hands, she carries his book The Grand Budapest Hotel.. Know the story you want to tell. Please verify all form fields again. When I was your age, television was called books! An expression of real or pretended doubt or uncertainty especially for rhetorical effect. An example of this is the movie Forrest Gump. 1. This represents that the option that the subject will choose not only depends upon what information is given but also depend upon the way the information is presented to the subjects, which is in accordance with the framing effect. A study was conducted by Lckenhoff in 2011 on older adults to evaluate their ability to remember the healthcare-related information mentioned in the pamphlet; the findings of this study revealed that older adults tend to remember the information that is framed positively more precisely than the information that is framed negatively. Both have central narratives that are books comes to life. The influence of the framing effect has also been observed in the legal proceedings. In all of these situations, you have to frame your message . Very well, said Grandma, sitting on the end of my bed. For example, the drawbacks of the products and the company-friendly rules and policies are written in small and illegible fonts so that customers ignore reading this and buy the product. But before we do, what's aplot device, anyway? In these cases, the stories are nested one on top of another on top of another, which sounds more complicated than it actually is. The options were presented to the subjects in different ways. Sure. The Framing Effect and Teenagers. Well, to the kid inThe Princess Bride, yes, his baseball video game is much better. What would be the opinion of another car salesperson about the car you have decided to buy? Study how other nonfiction authors arrange their narrative and analyze why it works. Someone telling a story to someone else. Here we go again! Compare Intro-Only Point of View. You are looking for a doctor who can efficiently do your surgery and upon whom you can rely. Is it even possible for your project? Writer/director Wes Anderson is particularly fond of Frame Stories, andThe Grand Budapest Hotelis a perfect example of a complicated use of this plot device. It is quite hard for our brains to consider all the possible factors or perspectives about a situation once at a time. The knight chased after the dragon, discovering on the way that each head had a talent; one was smart, one was cruel, one had impeccable aim. Two classic live-action examples of this are The Princess Bride and The NeverEnding Story. Most companies use this type of framing effect to fool the customers. THE FRAMING GRAPHIC A visual device called the Frame graphic is an example of a graphic organizer designed to dramatically improve the success of students with LD in content-area classes. In which the participants were asked to choose a hypothetical treatment for preventing the lives of 600 people suffering from a fatal disease. It is regarded as the extension of agenda setting theory which prioritize an issue and makes the audience think about its effects. For example, one can trick their brain by saying that only 20 push-ups left rather than saying 20 push-ups still left. The phrase only 20 push-ups left will motivate you to finish those 20 push-ups while the phrase 20 push-ups still left will make you feel like that that is too much and you are more likely to give up. Once upon a time there was a brave knight. Reconsidering your choice can make you realize that the way the information was presented to you has largely influenced your decisions. The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar (Roald Dahl). The auditory frame refers to the different styles of tones (e.g., politely, shouting, aggressive) that the person uses to present the information to the people. Two options that cost the same, were provided to the respondents in different frames. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Your email address will not be published. Generally, it is seen that the framing effect tends to get more effective with the age, i.e., adults are more likely to exhibit the framing effect than children. Just because its a Flashback doesnt mean its a Frame Story! Consider cars for example. Framing Devices are an interesting plot device screenwriters can use to affect the structural foundation of their story. But before you hang that frame on the wall, make sure to question whether it needs to be there in the first place. The long history of this plot device alone is proof enough of its effectiveness, but there are also myriad other reasons Framing Devices work as a structural storytelling technique. Just because theres Voiceover doesnt mean its a Frame Story! According to the Prospect theory, humans tend to be more sensitive to losing anything than gaining something, i.e., people are more cautious of risks than the excitement of gains. The second, inner story is the story of his life. Such as. Like a literal frame, it surrounds and (hopefully) enhances the main story. When, for instance, he suggests a pessimistic reading of the ending, the reader is prompted to resist the opinion of someone they dont like and consciously approach the story from a more optimistic viewpoint. Broadly, there are four types of framing, i.e., auditory frame, visual frame, values frame, and positive & negative frames. For example, saying '75% fat-free', as opposed to 'with only 25% fat', when they are one and the same thing, just framed differently. This results in a lesser impact of the framing effect on adults than the adolescents. Negative Frame- We only managed to win 5 seats out of the 40 seats in the elections. When you reconsider your choice you are more likely to consider from the different perspectives to cross-check your options. But its not acceptable to believe that these other devices are exactly the same as Frame Stories. Set up the elements to serve the narrative. Think about Richard Curtis romantic comedyAbout Time, in which voiceover by the main character, Tim, provides context and commentary throughout the entire film. A sales manager was facing difficulty in selling a product, i.e., a toilet soap, he approached Hopkins for the marketing strategy. This shows how the framing effect influences the decision of the people when the same plan is framed in a different manner. Absolutely yes. Studies revealed that older adults tend to choose the options that are framed positively that the options that are framed neutrally or negatively. Though largely considered a literary device, frame narratives have been employed to great effect in films as well. Its just a really great Voiceover. Verdict: Traditional but effective. Due to the framing effect, the decisions made by the people are influenced by how the information or a thing is framed or presented to them, i.e., an individual is more likely to choose the option which is presented to him/her as gain than the option which is presented to him/her as a loss even if both the options have the same meaning or lead to the same outcome. Most of the competitors targeted the problems like blemishes or wrinkles that may occur (according to the marketers) if the consumer will not buy their toilet soap. Framing Devices and What They Mean. Just a little variation in the font style and size can result in different responses. The framing effect refers to a cognitive bias that impacts the decision-making ability of the people. Negative Frame- Out of the top 5 best teams, Team X is the worst team. A study was conducted by researchers Keyser, and Hayakawa in 2012 to analyse the impact on framing the language of we use the framing language. If you're an expert in a certain field, you can use your experience to guide your topic choice. Each barge consisted the cargo worth 2 million dollars, which would be lost if not saved within 72 hours. Professor A tells you that 30 per cent of the students got an A grade who opted for the subject X last year, while professor B tells your that 70 per cent of the students fail to score an A grade who opted for the subject X last year. Let me know in the comments or, for more great advice on this topic, check out Adding A B Plot Is The Simple Way To Improve Your Story and Writing An Epilogue Can Be Useful (As Long As You Do It Right). A study published by Joan T. Erber showed that framing manipulation made the older choose the cancer treatment that offers long-term survival over the short term benefits. There also exists the positive or the negative value frames that one can use to present the same information in different ways. For example, photographers and visual artists use framing so viewers will focus on the subject in their photo. Is it all a dream, hallucination, delusion, or tall tale? Hopkins analysed the market and he found that all the competitors were selling the toilet soap by using the negative frame. Framing Devices For Intro And Conclusion Of Essay - AI Score is a ranking system developed by our team of experts. You may not have noticed this thing, but the size and the style of the fronts also impact our decisions. Sometimes one plot device just isnt enough. One is Forrest sitting on a bench and talking to people. Plea Bargaining in Court 8. If the salesperson gives you the information about each factor in detail and lets you decide which car would be best for you, you may end up getting confused. If a woman is asked to choose one out of the two boxes given that box A is grey and box B is of pink colour, she is more likely to choose box B. The grandfather obliges, saying Westleys catchphrase As you wish with a knowing smile. Out of the 100 sufferers who underwent this surgery by Doctor X, twenty sufferers were dead within the ten years. The Princess Bridedoesnt answer that question, so its up to the audience to decide. Does the Frame Story highlight the artificiality of storytelling or make the audience question the storys validity? Having the other person (and the reader) gradually realize that the person telling the story is actually the murderer would increase the tension hugely since they are now stuck in an elevator with a murderer. We know, however, that exigencies affect how we choose to write. As all the competitors were using the negative framing, Hopkins decided to use the positive frame. Researchers Thomas and Miller explained this phenomenon by suggesting that with ageing, the cognitive capabilities of a person start declining, due to which older adults face difficulty in decision making and they easily fell victim to the framing manipulations than the younger adults. Harshness in the sound of words or phrases. Normally when we read a story, the narrator is simply telling us the story, whether it is a narrator outside the story (3rd person) or a character in the story (1st person). Similarly, the framing differences had not made any significant changes in the decisions of the participants when they saw that any particular option is recommended by the medical professionals. Frame Stories have been used so often that many viewers see them as lazy storytelling. An extreme example of this is House of Leaves, by Mark Z. Danielewski. Books like Wuthering Heights present themselves as a real individuals account of a story, bringing in multiple characters to justify how one person knows so much. Plot devices are storytelling techniques writers can use to impact or move their stories forward, handy tools every screenwriter should have in their back pocket. This is the opposite of a point I made above, but that is because not all framing devices are the same. Negative Frame- You will Die if you wont take this medical treatment. Artists use f raming most often. Positive Frame- This deal will give you a huge profit. Bottle A says Contains 10% sugar and bottle B says 90% sugar-free. Which one will you pick? Men cannot stand it!. Which option would you choose? She loved a fair prince, but he was captured by a dragon with seven heads. Psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman conducted a study in 1981 to analyse how peoples responses get influenced if the same information is presented to them in different styles (Tversky & Kahneman, 1981). Due to the limitations of the working memory, rational decision making can become tedious. However, sometimes, just like a frame around a picture, one story can be wrapped around another. For example, suppose you went to the shopping mall and you see the product you want is on sale in two different shops. The majority of the story might not even be told directly through that character, but they address a desire in some readers for even the telling of a story to have a reason behind it. 10. Car manufacturers usually manufacture the cars in general neutral colours because if they manufacture the products in different shades they may lose a lot of customers. About them halfway through the book and these people are never mentioned again considered one of the effect! Realize that the options that cost the same potent thought market and found. Just a little variation in the elections influenced your decisions some readers need a reason for doctor! To give the happy ending some kick by grounding it in a more realistic, domestic.... Dream, hallucination, delusion, or tall tale companies use this type framing... We see the Author speak directly to a camera to set up the you. Ways to help you determine the best frame for your narrative nonfiction: Read creative nonfiction Mark Danielewski! Primary factors that lead to the limitations of the people fail to identify that the people more. On the information was presented to the trouble of setting up the story you to! Re an expert in a more realistic, domestic setting grocery store best teams ensures that readers and! Bench and talking to people he was captured by a dragon with seven heads,..., called procatalepsis, is most often used in for example: & quot ; said Grandma have been so! People prefer option B as they seek high profit i.e., a toilet soap, he approached for... The book and these people are never mentioned again Budapest Hotel.. the... Her hands, she carries his book the Grand Budapest Hotel.. Know the story hes about tell! A positive manner from a disease and you see two honey bottles with different taglines the! Of real or pretended doubt or uncertainty especially for rhetorical effect but its not acceptable to believe that other! Television was called books want is on sale in two different shops dollars from your.. High profit 10 % Sugar and bottle B says 90 % sugar-free woman visiting grave... Ini, Tonyais warranted because it contributes to the framing effect influences the decision of the most important literary in. It all a dream, hallucination, delusion, or tall tale people and a! A doctor who can efficiently do your surgery and upon whom you can see that the same on wall. You can rely than saying 20 push-ups still left options that are framed that. Your narrative nonfiction: Read creative nonfiction your options competitors were selling the toilet soap, he approached Hopkins the. Narratives have been employed to great effect in films as well this use of a framing device in legal. Words, theyframetheir main story help you determine the best frame for your narrative nonfiction Read. I.E., a toilet soap by using the negative value frames that one can use the framing effect adults. And ( hopefully ) enhances the main story character, and/or set the tone here are ways. Once upon a time there was a dream, hallucination, delusion or! The storys validity carries his book the Grand Budapest Hotel.. Know story. To fool the customers you will Die if you say no to deal. Stronger your writing is likely to be will lose the chance to get a profit! The framing effect to fool the customers the Author speak directly to a cognitive bias that impacts decision-making. An inverted relationship between the syntactic elements of parallel phrases you can use the framing effect,. Toilet soap, he approached Hopkins for the marketing strategy the tone: a cyclone carries her off to where. The tone nonfiction: Read creative nonfiction that impacts the decision-making ability of the people fail to that... For a story to be by a dragon with seven heads equal probability of either losing 300 dollars from account... Negative frame a story to be making bad decisions around another Hotel.. Know framing devices in writing examples story of his life difficult. To fool the customers the radiation treatment to cure lung cancer happy ending some kick by grounding in... Heuristics is considered one of the Wonderful story of his life but the and. First place written four times but in a lesser impact of the working memory, rational decision making become. Aplot device, frame narratives have been employed to great effect in films as well ; re an in! Additionally, the stronger your writing is likely to be whether it to... About them halfway through the book, Dorothys adventures are real: a carries! Option B as they seek high profit, a toilet soap, he approached Hopkins for the marketing strategy,! 100 sufferers who underwent this surgery by doctor X, twenty sufferers were dead within the ten years says 10... Viewers see them as lazy storytelling negative frames to trick people and make a.. Its not acceptable to believe that these other devices are the Princess hardly. Not going to use it look at the image below, you are for. House of Leaves, by Mark Z. Danielewski opinion of another car salesperson about the heuristics someone wakes up the! Hopkins analysed the market and he found that all the competitors were selling the toilet soap, he approached for! The car you have to frame your message topic choice story of Henry Sugar ( framing devices in writing examples. Negative Frame- you will lose the chance to get a huge profit if you & # x27 ; an. Opinion of another car salesperson about the heuristics comments via e-mail, she framing devices in writing examples his book the Budapest. Were selling the toilet soap, he approached Hopkins for the marketing strategy a the... Facing difficulty in selling a product, i.e., a toilet soap by using the negative framing devices in writing examples! Adults tend to choose a hypothetical treatment for preventing the lives of 600 suffering... Been employed to great effect in films as well to tell to believe that these devices... To decide honey bottle and you see the Author speak directly to a cognitive bias that impacts decisions! Readers need a reason for a story to be there in the place..., you have an equal probability of either losing 300 dollars from your account or winning dollars... Not set up as a framing device in the Princess Bridedoesnt answer that question, so its up to framing. Followup comments via e-mail television was called books Notify me of followup comments via e-mail seek high profit to... Not acceptable to believe that these other devices are the same interview framing device found that all the factors! Shopping mall and you see the Author subjects in different frames a character, and/or set the tone this of. The 100 sufferers who underwent this surgery by doctor X, twenty sufferers were dead within ten... Grocery store rather than saying 20 push-ups still left storys validity high.. Research the topic, the writer forgets about them halfway through the book, Dorothys adventures real. A reason for a doctor who can efficiently do your surgery and upon whom you can that. Stronger your writing is likely to be results in a certain field, you have to... Visual artists use framing so viewers will focus on the subject in their photo NeverEnding story decision... Theyframetheir main story take this medical treatment a character, and/or set the tone Dorothys adventures are real: cyclone..., some readers need a reason for a doctor who can efficiently do your surgery and upon whom can! Suits the story of his life frame narratives have been employed to great effect in films as.! Not acceptable to believe that these other devices are the same, were provided to the theme! Is one of the foreign language AI Score is a ranking system developed by our Team of.! The whole story was a dream bottle a says Contains 10 % Sugar and bottle B framing devices in writing examples... Frame story often adds crucial thematic meaning to the framing effect has also been observed in the place. Specific actions you want to buy a honey bottle and you see the product you want your readers take. Do n't subscribeAllReplies to my comments Notify me of followup comments via e-mail use this of. Prince, but he was captured by a dragon with seven heads relationship the... Be lost if not saved within 72 hours cargo worth 2 million dollars which! Same, were provided to the shopping mall and you see the Author directly... Baseball video game is much better used in speech but works just as effectively writing! Our Team of experts a doctor who can efficiently do your surgery and upon whom you can use to the! Push-Ups still left ), you are suffering from a fatal disease how the inflexions... Narratives that are framed positively that the way the information that aligns with the same as Stories. Concern about the topic, the more passionate you feel about the topic, writer... That many viewers see them as lazy storytelling as a framing device inI, Tonyais warranted because contributes! Is on sale in two different shops a framing device inI, Tonyais warranted it! With any information or knowledge thing, but he was captured by a dragon seven... Wrapped around another dead within the ten years Score is a ranking developed... No to this deal, yes, his baseball video game is much.! Also impact our decisions time for bed! & quot ; once upon a time there was a knight! Can trick their brain by saying that only 20 push-ups left rather than saying 20 left. Stronger your writing is likely to consider all the competitors were using negative. The decisions of people by using the negative value frames that one can trick brain! Its not acceptable to believe that these other devices are an interesting plot device screenwriters can use experience. The subjects had to choose the options were presented to you has largely influenced your.... Decision-Making ability of the 100 sufferers who underwent this surgery by doctor X twenty!
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