Several studies suggested that nutrition might have an effect on the intraocular pressure (IOP; the only treatable risk factor of glaucoma) or glaucoma, mediated by oxidative stress. Aleksidze A.T., Beradze I.N., Golovachev O.G. Providing our patients with information and guidance about nutritional supplements can help them navigate the many options available. ); ln.cmum@srebew.c (C.A.B.W. This list is not exhaustive, and there are many other supplements that show promise in helping to slow the onset and progression of glaucoma. will also be available for a limited time. Resveratrol - See above for IOP, but resveratrol also has additional neuroprotective effects that may be beneficial to glaucoma beyond the benefits to the Trabecular meshwork. Dietary supplements are gaining popularity in health care. Furthermore, dark green leafy vegetables, which contain vitamin A, C and nitrate, seem to have a beneficial effect in glaucoma. march 20, 2012 (new york, new york) an investigation into the effects of calcium and iron supplementation on ocular health has found that consuming high amounts of these supplements leads to an. Accessed October 18, 2021. Some herbal supplements, such as bilberry extract, have been advertised as glaucoma remedies. Wang, et al. Ginkgo biloba is one of the most promising supplements for glaucoma treatment. Accessed October 18, 2021. Coleman A.L., Stone K.L., Kodjebacheva G., Yu F., Pedula K.L., Ensrud K.E., Cauley J.A., Hochberg M.C., Topouzis F., Badala F., et al. Ocular hypertension: 5 causes of high eye pressure. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Vitamin C is a strong antioxidant that has the potential to protect the optic nerve against oxidative stress.7 One study noted that vitamin C levels were significantly lower in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) than in healthy control patients.8 However, evidence on whether receiving vitaminC supplements is protective against glaucoma is mixed. If heterogeneity still remained high (I2 > 50%), the study that created the heterogeneity was excluded. OAG = open-angle glaucoma; VF = Visual field; ONH = Optic nerve head appearance; IOP = Intraocular pressure; BMI = Body mass index. Moreover, a low ocular (in the aqueous humour) or systemic anti-oxidative capacity is associated with more severe glaucomatous visual field loss [5,7,8]. Gye H.J., Kim J.M., Yoo C., Shim S.H., Won Y.S., Sung K.C., Lee M.Y., Park K.H. It is a combination of two phenolic extracts taken from bilberry and French maritime pine bark.25Previous studies have demonstrated that Mirtogenol can be helpful in treating glaucoma by improving ocular blood flow and lowering IOP. Furthermore, the prevalence of glaucoma was only 0.41% (Table 2), which is far lower than expected in their age group. Quigley H.A. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Of these, there was one on vitamin B1, none on vitamin B2 or B3, three on B6, eight on B9, and seven on B12. Dried Baobab fruit powder. The role of magnesium in the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma [published online ahead of print October 13, 2014]. BrightFocus Foundation. They found a vertically reversed J-shaped association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with OAG (OR [95% CI]: 1.61 [1.092.38] for the lowest quintile compared to the second highest quintile; P-trend [quadratic] = 0.02), with a more pronounced effect in males [46]. Published March 2019. This thinning was correlated with plasma vitamin B12 levels [37]. Belmonte A., Tormo C., Lopez N., Villalba C., Fernandez C., Hernandez F. Vitamins A, E, B12 and folate levels in different types of glaucoma. Today, Americans often take vitamins, herbs and other sup-plementsand theyre usually aware of many more that they may not actu-ally be taking. Salmon contains antioxidants and healthy . Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). Blood levels of endothelin-1 have found to be significantly higher in patients with POAG [20]. The same search term of the current study was used and titles of abstract were screened from the meetings from 2010 to 2016. Glaucoma is a condition that leads to increased pressure in the eyes when the normal liquids cannot be drained out or due to blockage. High-dose antioxidant supplementation and cataract risk. An important source of vitamin C is green leafy vegetables. Providing our patients with information about which supplements to take can help them navigate the abundance of options out there. Furthermore, investigations had to be performed in humans (or human tissue) and not in animals. All rights reserved. Gamell LS. Therefore, the ORs of the studies could be interpreted as risk ratios. Rssler C.W., Baleanu D., Reulbach U., Lewczuk P., Bleich S., Kruse F.E., Kornhuber J., Schltzer-Schrehardt U., Juenemann A.G.M. The size of the red box is inversely proportional to the variance. Heiting G. All About Vision. Living with glaucoma can be a nightmare. The association of consumption of fruits/vegetables with decreased risk of glaucoma among older African-American women in the study of osteoporotic fractures. It is created by eHealthMe based on reports of 86,813 people who have side effects when taking Vitamin b12 from the FDA, and is updated regularly. We always ask our patients to speak with their primary care physicians before adding any supplements to their diet, as there may be contraindications for those who are taking blood thinners or other systemic medications. An official website of the United States government. The study, coupled with other research using human subjects, "raises a legitimate concern about whether CBD may raise eye pressure and so . It is known to have antioxidant properties, help increase blood flow, stabilize mitochondria, and protect neurons from damage. Oral omega-3 supplementation lowers intraocular pressure in normotensive adults. There are many good collagen supplements on the market available in liquid or capsules. Nzoughet JK, Chao de la Barca JM, Guehlouz K, et al. Ekici F, Korkmaz S, Karaca EE, et al. If you are experiencing serious medical symptoms, seek emergency treatment immediately. For people without these conditions, glucosamine may have little ocular effect or no effect particularly for younger people. Water soluble vitamin B3 or niacin also called nicotinamide or nicotinic acid is essential to all living cells. These foods contain nutrients such as lutein, omega 3 fatty acids, zeaxanthin, Vitamin A, Vitamin C and others. Vitamin A is known for its function in the retina. Although several studies have been conducted on the association of vitamins with glaucoma, it is often noticed that the results are conflicting leaving physicians and patients in doubt about the effect of vitamins on glaucoma. Although there are limited data on nutritional supplements for glaucoma, this is an exciting area of study with a lot of future potential. Updated September 2021. Flow diagram (according to PRISMA) showing the selection process for inclusion of studies from PubMed and Embase. The Eat blueberries that are high in anthocyanin and can help protect the eyes from free radical damage. The directions of the effect size between results of blood levels of vitamins on glaucoma, and of dietary intake of vitamins on glaucoma are not always in agreement with each other (Supplementary Tables S4 and S5 for OAG). Certain vitamins have been touted as potentially beneficial in preventing glaucoma and/or reversing vision loss, such as vitamin B, Ginkgo biloba, vitamin C, and natural compounds found in tropical fruits and green tea.Currently, there has not been enough research conducted nor clinical trials performed to substantiate these claims. The systematic review was performed according to the reporting guidelines implied by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) [9,10]. After only three weeks, participants taking saffron experienced significant reductions in their intraocular pressure compared to those that . nutritionguide.pcrm.org/nutritionguide/view/Nutrition_Guide_for_Clinicians/1342079/all/Glaucoma. Downie LE, Vingrys AJ. In alphabetical order, my top-five best glaucoma supplements are: bilberry-maritime pine bark combination (Mirtogenol), citicoline (Cognizin), ginkgo biloba, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and vitamin B3 (nicotinamide). Rather, it is the dose that nutrition experts have decided is sufficient for most people to remain healthy. Also a nested case-control study revealed no associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with IOP [50]. Bilberry-maritime pine bark combination (Mirtogenol) They concluded that if you're diagnosed with glaucoma or other retinal vascular diseases, magnesium should be something you should include in your diet. www.reviewofophthalmology.com/article/supplements-and-glaucoma-advising-your-patients. The search term used in PubMed included (vitamin (All Fields) AND glaucoma (All Fields)). Fish oil (omega 3 fatty acids) Magnesium. The essential fatty acids (FAs) omega 3 and omega 6 may help decrease IOP by increasing aqueous outflow.16 A study evaluating the blood composition of FAs in patients with POAG noted that these patients had reduced levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) compared with healthy individuals.17 An animal study suggested that a diet high in omega 3 FAs was associated with lower IOP.16 Another study showed that an increase in oral omega3 consumption significantly increased aqueous outflow and lowered IOP in patients with NTG.18 The mechanism of this increased aqueous outflow is activity of prostaglandins, which are metabolites of omega 3 FAs.19 Treating patients with glaucoma using prostaglandin analogs is a mainstay of current best practices. Managing Pseudoexfoliation During Cataract Surgery. 13. In one study patients with glaucoma were reported to have lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (OR [95% CI]: 0.89 [0.800.99]) and higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (OR [95% CI]: 2.09 [1.064.12]) compared to controls [45]. The pathophysiology and treatment of glaucoma: a review. Accessed October 18, 2021. 19. Vitamin C is probably one of the easiest vitamins to get. Accessed October 18, 2021. 11. Steigerwalt RD, Belcaro G, Morazzoni P, Bombardelli E, Burki C, Schnlau F. Effects of Mirtogenol on ocular blood flow and intraocular hypertension in asymptomatic subjects. Ekici F, Korkmaz S, Karaca EE, et al. However, a meta-analysis showed that plasma vitamin C levels and dietary vitamin C intake are only modestly correlated (r = 0.4) [63]. One reported lower plasma levels of vitamin E in the POAG group [38]. Jenab M., Slimani N., Bictash M., Ferrari P., Bingham S.A. Biomarkers in nutritional epidemiology: Applications, needs and new horizons. Dietary supplements are gaining popularity in health care. Whats the relative risk? Research shows that some dietary supplements may help lower the risk of developing glaucoma and potentially slow disease progression. Vitamin A, B9, C, and E are well-known antioxidants and may prevent age-related eye disorders such as cataract and age-related macular degeneration [53,54]. Accessibility Research shows that some dietary supplements may help lower the risk of developing glaucoma and potentially slow disease progression.2Dietary supplements are meant to be used as adjuncts to traditional therapy, including prescription eye drops and surgical interventions. Glaucoma eye drops can significantly reduce the risk that high eye pressure will progress to glaucoma. The effects of antioxidants on ocular blood flow in patients with glaucoma. Taken together this may have induced the heterogeneity, though omitting this study from the meta-analysis of vitamin A did not affect the results significantly. It is a combination of two phenolic extracts taken from bilberry and French maritime pine bark.25 Previous studies have demonstrated that Mirtogenol can be helpful in treating glaucoma by improving ocular blood flow and lowering IOP. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (, GUID:768A2CD3-6230-4657-B47A-EF87C15D1C99, glaucoma, vitamins, nitric oxide, blood levels, dietary intake. Homocysteine generates oxidative stress and induces apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction and glaucoma. Financial disclosure: None, Optometrist and Owner, Stanford Ranch Jung KI, Kim YC, Park CK. The reason it is so dangerous is that most people with glaucoma have no symptoms. Several studies provided evidence for an association of these foods with glaucoma (OR [95% CI]: 0.82 [0.690.97]; P-trend = 0.02) [43,44]. Mitochondrial dysfunction and glaucoma. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. 27. Li J., Xu F., Zeng R., Gong H., Lan Y. Six studies reported on the association of blood levels of vitamin E and glaucoma. Patients with OAG have significant lower serum levels of vitamin B1 and B12 compared to controls in two studies [25,26]. and C.A.B.W. To address the conflicting results of the association of vitamins with glaucoma, we performed a systematic review and meta-analyses to summarize the evidence. Studies were classified according to different vitamins: A, B-complex, C, D, and E. Per nutrient we firstly describe the possible mechanism regarding to its possible influence in glaucoma. Stress may trigger an attack of acute angle-closure glaucoma. Several studies assessed the association of blood levels of vitamins with several forms of glaucoma (Supplementary Table S3). This list is not exhaustive, and there are many other supplements that show promise in helping to slow the onset and progression of glaucoma. Self-reported glaucoma, confirmed with medical records. 1. Potential therapeutic benefit of NAD+ supplementation for glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Many feel no pain, and most have 20/20 visual acuity, although possibly only straight-ahead vision. Age, gender, IOP, IOP-lowering treatment, BMI, beta-carotene, vitamin B1, B12, E, and magnesium. Thus dark green leafy vegetables contain several relevant nutrients for OAG. There are two types of glaucoma: open-angle and narrow-angle. The dashed vertical line in each panel shows the value for no effect (OR = 1.0). Wells G., Shea B., OConnell D., Peterson J., Welch V., Losos M., Tugwell P. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta-Analyses. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: A proposal for reporting. Oral vitamin C may increase its concentration in the aqueous humour [42]. 3. Glaucoma surgery. Four studies reported on the association of blood levels of vitamin C and glaucoma. Exposure to nutrients is ubiquitous. People taking these drops should have their pressure checked regularly for signs for rising eye pressure.
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