1.2 Global Results. Population of Spain in 2022, by gender and region, Average annual full-time salary in Spain 2008-2020, by gender, Gender gap: score of the educational index in Spain 2022, by area, Gender gap index in Spain 2022, by indicator. The report released Wednesday shows that the country's ranking slipped by one notch from the previous spot. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Everything you need to know about Consumer Goods, Identify market potentials of the digital future, Insights into the world's most important technology markets, Health Market Outlook Data for 2019 is not available. In 81 countries, there has never been a woman head of state, as of January 15, 2021. "By providing a comprehensible framework for assessing and comparing global gender gaps and by revealing those countries that are role models in March 30, 2021. In 81 countries, there has never been a woman head of state, as of 15th January 2021. (2020), but contrary to existing prejudicial belief, that in the context of high economic uncertainty, prototypical forms of femininity become advantageous as creditor providers seek to hedge their risks by favouring more conservative lenders. This year, the Global Gender Gap index benchmarks 156 countries. Download GII dataset GII reflects gender-based disadvantage in three dimensions reproductive health, empowerment and the labour marketfor as many countries as data of reasonable quality allow. Notes: Reported are the heckprobit results and marginal effects estimated around mean points. For the United Kingdom, Brownetal. Iceland has been the frontrunner on the Global Gender Gap Index for 11 years in a row. What is global gender gap index? (March 30, 2021). Freedman and Sekhon, 2010 indicate some potential problems. Gender, small firm ownership, and credit access: some insights from India. Takes the value of 1 if the firm reports a temporary shutdown of business during the pandemic, and 0 otherwise. The ideal entry-level account for individual users. Yemen is ranked the worst (153 rd ), while Iraq is 152 nd and Pakistan 151 st. India- Specific Findings Rank (2021 Ranking) Country . It ranked 120 out of 156 countries in the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Index (GGI) Report 2021, which measures the gap between men and women in political representation, economic empowerment, education and health. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries Statista. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q2 2022, Research Expert covering the economy and society on Egypt, South Africa, and Ethiopia, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature. The source adds the following information: "The index benchmarks national gender gaps on economic, education, health and political criteria, and provides country rankings that allow for effective comparisons across regions and income groups. Statista. Moro A., Wisniewski T.P., Mantovani G.M. This enables us to capture possible gender differences in access to debt financingfrom banks and MFIs, and equity financing during the pandemic2 Since this requires a longitudinal approach, we leave this for future exploration. Chart. Cowlingetal. Global gender farqi hisoboti birinchi marta 2006-yilda Jahon iqtisodiy forumi tomonidan nashr etilgan. The World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report 2021 was published on March 31. Corporate solution including all features. The gender gap in access to finance: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. NBER working paper series, No. We provide evidence of a slight gender bias in debt financing, with creditors favouring female entrepreneurs when dealing with cash flow problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, the World Economic Forum (WEF) released its Global Gender Gap (GGG) Index for 2022, which placed India at 135 out of 146 nations. India's overall score has improved from 0.625 (in 2021) to 0.629, which is its seventh-highest score in the last 16 years. *, **, and *** denote significant at the 10%, 5% and 1% level respectively. COVID-19, Females, Debt, Equity, Heckman model, Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. Gender discrimination in access to finance may worsen during uncertain periods when finance providers apply tougher conditions to less attractive borrowers (Cowlingetal., 2012; Robbetal., 2013). statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. The Global Gender Gap Index (World Economic Forum), capturing the magnitude of gender-based disparities. Family-owned firms and sole proprietors accessed debt financing more during the pandemic, consistent with Crespi-Claderaand Martin-Oliver(2014). The Index aims to serve as a compass to track progress on relative gaps between women and men on health, education, economy and politics. Coleman S. Constraints faced by women small business owners: evidence from the data. (March 30, 2021). 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Access to this and all other statistics on 80,000 topics from, Show sources information Rwanda and Namibia. Another generation of women will have to wait for gender parity, according to the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report 2021. "Gender gap index in Ethiopia in 2021, by sector." Accessed November 10, 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1253877/gender-gap-index-in-ethiopia-by-sector/, World Economic Forum. 3 The highest possible score is one (equality) and the lowest possible score is zero (inequality). The index score ranges from 0 to 1 (zero gender gap). Third, effective mid-career reskilling policies, combined with managerial practices, which embed sound, unbiased hiring and promotion practices, will pave the way for a more gender-equal future of work. Please do not hesitate to contact me. At the current relative pace, gender gaps can potentially be closed in 52.1 years in Western Europe, 61.5 years in North America, and 68.9 years in Latin America and the Caribbean. The gap has seen marginal improvement since the 2020 edition of the report and as a result we estimate that it will take another 267.6 years to close. Three new countries have been assessed this year for the first time: Afghanistan (44.4% of the gender gap closed so far, 156th), Guyana (72.8%, 53rd) and Niger (62.9%, 138th). However, it has still performed relatively well compared to other countries, ranking at 51 in . The index estimates that on its current trajectory, it will take another 14.2 years to completely close this gap. Access to capital among young firms, minority-owned firms, women-owned firms, and high-tech firms. Dalam survei tahun 2018 yang mencakup 12 versi bahasa Wikipedia dan beberapa proyek Yayasan Wikimedia lainnya, 90% kontributor mengidentifikasi gender mereka sebagai pria, 8,8% sebagai wanita, dan 1% sebagai lain-lain. We analysed the dynamics of debt and equity financing in female-owned/led businesses for a cross-country sample of private firms during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a Premium user you get access to background information and details about the release of this statistic. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. the percentage of the . Perhaps this could be explained by substantial government subsidies provided to businesses during mandatory lockdowns. According to the "Global Gender Gap Report 2021" published by the World Economic Forum (WEF), Pakistan ranked 153rd out of 156 countries on the gender parity index. already built in. A few decimal points below is the East Asia and the Pacific region (68.9%), one of the most-improved regions, just ahead of Sub- Saharan Africa (67.2%) and surpassing South Asia (62.7%). The description is composed by our digital data assistant. India's overall performance increased from 0.625 (in 2021) to 0.629, which is the seventh-highest rating it has received in the previous 16 years. THE Global Gender Gap Report 2021 brings no glad tidings for Pakistan. Assess the needs 2. Cozarenco A., Szafarz A. Robust standards errors are reported in parentheses. The Economics of Discrimination. The responses provide firm level information about private businesses of all sizes, including firm characteristics and owner/manager demographics. These figures are mainly driven by a decline in the performance of large countries. Brown R., Rocha A., Cowling M. Financing entrepreneurship in times of crisis: Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the market for entrepreneurial finance in the United Kingdom. New, Insights into the worlds most important health markets, Figures and insights about the advertising and media world, Everything you need to know about the industry development. In, World Economic Forum. gdi measures gender inequalities in achievement in three basic dimensions of human development: health, measured by female and male life expectancy at birth; education, measured by female and male expected years of schooling for children and female and male mean years of schooling for adults ages 25 years and older; and command over economic Cavalluzzo K.S., Cavalluzzo L.C., Wolken J.D. Firm level covariates are included in all models. The 15th edition, the Global Gender Gap Report 2021, comes out a little over one year after COVID-19 was officially declared a pandemic. Bank credit constraints for women-led SMEs: self-restraint or lender bias? This placed Ghana in the. The index score ranges from 1 to 100 (very strict). The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. Statistical discrimination is the solution to a signal extraction problem. The source adds the following information: "The index benchmarks national gender gaps on economic, education, health and political criteria, and provides country rankings that allow for effective comparisons across regions and income groups. Globally, the economic gender gap may thus be between 1% and 4% wider than reported. Do women pay more for credit? Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. Elsevier Public Health Emergency Collection, https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/03522e90-a13d-4a02-87cd-9ee9a297b311/121264-WP-PUBLIC-MSMEReportFINAL.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=m5SwAQA, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/06/women-finance-least-developed-countries-collateral/, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292811039_The_social_psychology_of_discrimination_theory_measurement_and_consequences, https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/rs403tot(2).pdf, https://pureportal.strath.ac.uk/en/publications/unequal-entrepreneurs-why-female-enterprise-is-an-uphill-business, https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/en/covid-19, Takes the value of 1 if the firm accessed finance from commercial banks as the main mechanism of dealing with cash flow shortages during the pandemic, 0 otherwise. About 12% of sample firms are exporters, 33% are product or process innovators; 3% are micro-sized, 47% small-sized (<19 employees), 32% are medium-sized (19-100 employees), and 18% are large (>100 employees). Cowling M., Marlow S., Liu W. Gender and bank lending after the global financial crisis: are women entrepreneurs safer bets? "Gender gap index in Ghana from 2016 to 2021." North America is the second-most advanced (76.4%), also improving this year, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean (72.1%) and Eastern Europe and Central Asia (71.2%). While the eight job clusters typically experience a high influx of new talent, at current rates those inflows do not re-balance occupational segregation and transitioning to fields where women are currently underrepresented appears to remain difficult. Stefani, M.L., Vacca, V., 2013. Credit access for female firms: evidence from a survey on European SMEs. From a country perspective, performances varied greatly. The report stated that India, home to 65 crore women, has widened its gender gap and has closed 62.5% of its gender gap to date down from 66.8% one year ago. 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