J. Psychiatr. 2022-10-25T00:02:50-07:00 Equ. Meaning of the CERQ scales. Future research should also carefully examine the Strategies subscale, which performed well in the present study but includes depression-related content (e.g., When Im upset, I believe that Ill end up feeling very depressed; When Im upset, I start to feel very bad about myself), which may inflate validity estimates. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22036, Lewis, A. R., Zinbarg, R. E., and Durbin, C. E. (2010). 0000279616 00000 n Journal of Personality Assessment. Affective science-based frameworks tend to conceptualize emotion regulation more narrowly and tend to focus more on process than on presumed trait-level abilities (Gross, 1998, 2015; Aldao, 2013; Gross and Jazaieri, 2014). 10. Participants who did not have discharge data (i.e., who were still in treatment at the time of the study or who withdrew from treatment before their second session) reported significantly greater anxiety, t(409.76) = 2.75, p = 0.006, and depression, t(414.31) = 2.16, p = 0.031, at intake compared to participants with discharge data. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152, Henry, J. D., and Crawford, J. R. (2005). Res. To examine the incremental utility and reliability of each short form vis--vis the DERS-36, we conducted a series of hierarchical regression analyses. The emotion regulation questionnaire: psychometric properties in general community samples Assess. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ); (12) is selfreport widely used measure of emotion regulation (34) and it was administered to assess parents' emotion regulation in trait. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in the original development and validation study suggested a six- or seven-factor structure. 0000008810 00000 n Within that framework, we replicated and extended Osborne et al.s (2017) finding that a bifactor solution excluding the Awareness subscale provides a good fit for the data. These analyses were undertaken because short forms reduce participant burden and can therefore be useful research and clinical tools if they are determined to be psychometrically sound. This approach allowed us to examine the extent to which the short forms compare to the full DERS-36 in terms of explaining variance in the clinical outcomes. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.01.006, Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., Turk, C. L., and Fresco, D. M. (2002). Sci. endobj The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is an instrument measuring emotion regulation problems. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale assessing symptom frequency over the past week. Clin. An experimental investigation of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder. That is, the DERS-16 and DERS-18 were not inferior to the DERS-36 in their ability to account for variance in anxiety and stress, and the DERS-SF was not inferior to the DERS-36 in its ability to account for variance in CGI. To assess the extent to which the DERS and its subscales incrementally predicted treatment outcome, we expanded the structural model described above (see Incremental Validity) by adding discharge CGI as an outcome (Figure 3). Assess. Although the DERS is often used in treatment and research settings for adults with emotional (i.e., anxiety, mood, obsessive-compulsive, or trauma-related) disorders, its psychometric properties are not well-characterized in this population. }~T$ 1XW'gA|/anCJ|2P\3[sODPUOA%jb5j7 aTL p normative data to assist with the interpretation of PERCI scores. Assess. . endobj However, the groups did not differ in age (p = 0.984), gender (p = 0.108), CGI (p = 0.660), or DERS total or subscale scores (all p 0.274). Internal consistency estimates (alpha) ranged from 0.66 to 0.76 (Phillips & Power, 2007). 145156. 0000369865 00000 n Specifically, more severe emotion dysregulation at intake predicted better CBT response, while more severe impairment in goal-directed activity when distressed predicted worse CBT response. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.01.004, Ehring, T., and Quack, D. (2010). doi: 10.1177/2167702614536164, Gross, J. J., and Muoz, R. F. (1995). 'bottling up' one's emotions, and is also different from catharsis, where one expresses or vents their emotions. Our plan is to continue to update this . In the second model (see Figure 2), paths were added for the five specific factors. 0000111241 00000 n Behav. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the construct validity of the measure within the Gratz and Roemer (2004) framework and are broadly consistent with theoretical models that highlight emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor for emotional disorders (e.g., Gross and Muoz, 1995). 2 0 obj A bifactor structure consisting of one general emotion dysregulation factor and five uncorrelated specific factors corresponding to the original DERS subscales (excluding Awareness) provided the best fit. The DERS-36 accounted for a small but significant additional portion of the variance (23%) in depression for all three short forms. 38, 284296. 1362 0 obj Moreover, our data suggest that several specific factors predict clinical severity and, to a lesser extent, treatment outcome, even after variance explained by the general underlying factor is controlled. Cogn. 0000005160 00000 n 84 0 obj Main constructs measured. One notable strength is our use of a relatively large sample of treatment-seeking adults with emotional disorders. (ed.). TABLE 1. LM,$RlX`hip=-5aQVzA.I:N:#O-*Y}%R{Gwl^ n+cj ]"%p9Rw4(dHLL*cb9`by?j`?B.^x >9?o??ANt*A o+E_. Y+ahp@ncJMXx([$~[k~3f63Sp8h$);|;vUcp>.U'O;YP)v_q-N8/-@;#3 Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. J. Psychopathol. 439 0 obj All participants who met these eligibility criteria and who completed the standard clinical intake were included in analyses. Psychol. Finally, we assessed the psychometric properties of the DERS short forms by examining the internal consistency of each subscale and its concordance with the corresponding DERS-36 subscale. (2013). startxref (Gross & John, 2003). Fit for a five-factor model that excluded the Awareness items was better, 2(395) = 1478.74, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.08, CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.95, but was still unacceptable by some commonly used standards (e.g., acceptable RMSEA < 0.06 or 0.07; Hu and Bentler, 1999; Steiger, 2007). Sci. doi: 10.1177/1073191109349579, Osborne, T. L., Michonski, J., Sayrs, J., Welch, S. S., and Anderson, L. K. (2017). endobj Findings with respect to specific subscale scores are less consistent than those for the total score. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2006.10.001, Tull, M. T., Gratz, K. L., Latzman, R. D., Kimbrel, N. A., and Lejuez, C. W. (2010). Psychol. A model that includes a higher-order general distress factor represented by the total score also shows good fit (Henry and Crawford, 2005). xref Separate scale scores are derived for these two regulation strategies. Participants were N = 427 adults (59% women; M age = 36.00, SD = 14.39; 85% White; 3% Black; 3% multiracial; 8% Latino/a) who presented for treatment at an outpatient clinic between September 2014 and January 2017 and diagnosed with one or more DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) anxiety-related, depressive, bipolar, obsessive-compulsive and related, or trauma- and stressor-related disorders. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) is a 10-item self-report scale designed to assess habitual use of two commonly used strategies to alter emotion: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. The DIAMOND demonstrates strong convergent validity vis--vis self-report measures for the diagnoses included in the present study, as evidenced by significantly higher scores on disorder-specific self-report measures obtained by patients diagnosed with versus not diagnosed with a given emotional disorder (d = 0.521.22). 41, 587598. 0000018150 00000 n 34, 393404. Clinical severity was established via the CGI (Guy, 1976), a widely used clinician-administered measure that rates global clinical severity on a scale from 1 = normal, not at all ill to 7 = extremely ill. Specifically, we examined the internal consistency of the short form subscales, their convergent validity and factor structure vis--vis the original measure, and the extent to which each short form was comparable to the full DERS in terms of ability to account for variance in the clinical measures. The Strategies, Goals, and Clarity specific factors in particular contributed significant unique variance to explaining clinical severity even after accounting for the general latent factor and the unique contributions of each other factor. Independent t-tests and correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship of each subscale to gender and age, respectively. Open J. Psychiatr. The difficulties in emotion regulation scale: factor structure and association with nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescent inpatients. Every week I send my subscribers a newsletter where I share one tried and tested Health Tip that you can use immediately to improve your health. We do not believe there is sufficient evidence to suggest that any short form is psychometrically superior to the others. PDF | Background Acknowledging the under-examined research of socio-cognitive mindfulness and Gross's emotion regulation strategies in nursing, this. Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., and Swinson, R. P. (1998). 0000070681 00000 n 0000005437 00000 n Several subsequent factor analytic studies provide support for the original six-factor model provides an adequate fit in a variety of populations, including undergraduate students (Perez et al., 2012) and adolescents (Weinberg and Klonsky, 2009; Neumann et al., 2010). These studies generally find that a revised five-factor model that excludes the Awareness subscale and items provides a better fit to the data (Bardeen et al., 2012; Fowler et al., 2014; Osborne et al., 2017). These findings were bolstered by our SEM findings, which demonstrated specific contributions of three of the five subscales to explaining variance in clinical severity beyond variance accounted for by the general factor. 39, 355371. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2010.04.004, Fowler, J. C., Charak, R., Elhai, J. D., Allen, J. G., Frueh, B. C., and Oldham, J. M. (2014). For a more comprehensive interpretation of this result, . <>/Metadata 2 0 R/Outlines 5 0 R/Pages 3 0 R/StructTreeRoot 6 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> J. Psychopathol. Emotion regulation in bipolar disorder: profile and utility in predicting trait mania and depression propensity. Development and validation of a brief version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale: the DERS-16. 0000006542 00000 n 42, 893898. 0000011882 00000 n Model fit was acceptable, 2(375) = 1016.70; RMSEA = 0.06; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.97. Intrapersonal competencies. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.026, Giromini, L., Velotti, P., de Campora, G., Bonalume, L., and Cesare Zavattini, G. (2012). The first model allowed only the general factor from the bifactor model to predict clinical severity; paths were not included for the subscale scores. Years of research have illustrated that emotion regulation plays a prominent role in the psychological development and mental health of children [1-3].Emotion regulation refers to the process by which a person attempts to reduce, maintain, or increase an emotion [].Thus, emotion regulation encompasses a wide range of conscious and unconscious physiological, behavioral, social . . s06(G}z9h8=]M*.Lp fgg8MfJB6K6&}qH CUde=QkOj#k#nyC,44N2]% >JNv+MNFwUVW*QWmS_@8|rI5}e9s]SH#i2g/)XfCiaSY4z.p{4! 2Nh3=1#l?:Eq*ZMbO[=l+}[Fr,;\$e$&+y2tV3b+A(k'}]@lW~tYu./^kg*IaIoQO-y,UF):nmiTX`L4 {3_5LK,EXL M`TAEMDTKN~LORNs!ZaXP,\sXhF3~fzEoKC)'|8a:U. 2022-10-25T00:02:50-07:00 /content/admin/rand-header/jcr:content/par/header/reports, /content/admin/rand-header/jcr:content/par/header/blogPosts, /content/admin/rand-header/jcr:content/par/header/multimedia, /content/admin/rand-header/jcr:content/par/header/caseStudies, Black Veterans Generally Have a Better Quality of Life than Black Non-Veterans, China's Role in the Global Development of Critical Resources, Federal Data Gaps on New Migrant Students Leave Schools Unable to Plan Ahead, Cannabis Legalization in Europe: Planning Ahead, Wait Times for Veterans Scheduling Health Care Appointments, Improving Psychological Wellbeing and Work Outcomes in the UK, Getting to Know Military Caregivers and Their Needs, Planning for the Rising Costs of Dementia, >Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire (REQ). *n 8. 'DFAJzE:uZ34|4+;4\K\Lb'7\gmI. Behav. Higher scores indicate more difficulty in emotion regulation. Prince 14.2 (www.princexml.com) The latent general factor and the Goals specific factor each explained significant incremental variance in discharge CGI. 33, 335343. Perspect. These specific factors are not permitted to correlate with the general factor or each other and therefore are proposed to represent a latent construct that is unique and incremental relative to the general factor and the other specific factors. The presence of a general factor suggests the possibility of a latent emotion regulation construct underlying the DERS, although this possibility will need to be explored in future research aimed at testing the convergent and discriminant validity of the general factor vis--vis other measures of emotion regulation. <> All short form subscales excluding Awareness were entered on Step 2, and all DERS-36 subscales excluding Awareness were entered on Step 3 (see Table 4). (19982017). <>stream (2014). (Z? 6n Of;pj 0000369296 00000 n Emotion regulation difficulties in trauma survivors: the role of trauma type and PTSD symptom severity. W+QjoG-QT@Vs[ljD-!DowZ'_$w2#-[Rl Behav. Construct validity and factor structure of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale among adults with severe mental illness. The finding that poorer perceived ability to engage in goal-directed cognition and behavior when distressed (as represented by the Goals factor) predicted poorer outcome was less surprising. 4 0 obj The CERQ distinguishes nine different cognitive coping strategies, of which, independently from one another, clinical psychological literature has established their association with psychopathology. ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 18 July 2016 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01068 The Association among Difficulties in Emotion Regulation, Hostility, and Empathy in a Sample of Young Italian Adults Anna Contardi *, Claudio Imperatori, Ilaria Penzo, Claudia Del Gatto and Benedetto Farina Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy The aim of the present study was to assess the . The significant and generally strong loadings of each DERS item on the general factor also suggests that the items tap into the same general construct and provides support for the validity of a total score as a representation of this construct. Factor analysis supports a three-factor (depression; anxiety; and stress) structure, and the three subscales show good internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995; Brown et al., 1997; Antony et al., 1998). 0000004620 00000 n All three short forms showed a robust bifactor structure and good internal consistency and convergent validity vis--vis the original measure, albeit with a slight decrement in incremental utility (13% less variance explained in clinical severity). DERS-18 Computer Scoring Original DERS (36 item) Citation: Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Behav. All patients who met eligibility criteria (i.e., diagnosed with one or more included emotional disorders and completed the DERS) were included. If this proposed pathway is true, it would suggest that patients may benefit from specific training in cognitive control or self-regulation of behavior early in treatment. J. Clin. endobj Assess. Internal consistency was generally fair-to-good, and was reliably above 0.80 for all subscales except Awareness. 27, 204209. doi: 10.1037/a0016669, Keywords: emotion regulation, difficulties in emotion regulation scale, emotional disorders, treatment outcome, psychometrics, structural equation modeling, cognitive-behavioral therapy, Citation: Hallion LS, Steinman SA, Tolin DF and Diefenbach GJ (2018) Psychometric Properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Its Short Forms in Adults With Emotional Disorders. Cogn. Assessment 25, 313. Clin. Surprisingly, the general factor was negatively associated with discharge CGI after controlling for the other variables, suggesting that poorer emotion regulation (as assessed by the DERS) predicted a better clinical outcome after other factors were controlled. endobj Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edn. Clin. Missing data represented less than 1% of all observations and was addressed using pairwise deletion. Assess. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.115.4.850, Gratz, K. L., and Tull, M. T. (2010). Dif. For each short form, its subscale scores were entered on the first step and the DERS-36 subscales were entered on the second step.
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