This makes it difficult to compare results across studies. You use social media in order to forget about personal problems. The advent of portable technologyincluding MP3 players, smartphones and other wireless mobile deviceschanged the landscape so that nearly any activity that can be performed on a desktop or laptop machine can also be performed on a small, pocket size device. You have tried to cut down on the use of social media without success. Did you find an inaccuracy? Here in this post, we are sharing theSocial Media Addiction Scale. We estimated marginal effects (MEs) for the main . Of the theorists listed below, who helped to develop the humanistic approach in psychology? All subscales had acceptable to excellent reliabilities. Do you have a Facebook account? Relationship between Facebook use and problematic Internet use among college students. Disagree. Each respondent is asked to rate each item on some response scale. Thanks to the George Marsh Applied Cognition Laboratory for their work on this project. Rosen LD, Carrier LM, Cheever NA. College students use of Facebook and Twitter. When examining the tertile split in video gaming, Facebook users were more likely to be in the top and middle third while nonusers were more likely to be in the bottom third [2 (2, N = 942) = 58.27, p < .001]. (Facebook friendships subscale) How many of your Facebook friends do you know in person? (Text messaging subscale) Use your mobile phone during class or work time. Glynn CJ, Huge ME, Hoffman LH. Please answer the following questions about your Facebook and other online friends. Facebook usage has been measured in other ways including daily time spent on the site (Hunt, Atkin, & Krishnan, 2012; Jelenchick, Eichoff, & Moreno, 2012; Junco, 2012a, 2012b; Karpinski, Kirschner, Ozer, Mellott, & Ochwo, 2013; McAndrew & Jeong, 2012; Moore & McElroy, 2012; Rosen et al., 2013), number of times logging onto Facebook on a typical day (Hunt et al., 2012; Junco, 2012a, 2012b; Kittinger, Correia, & Irons, 2012; Locatelli, Kluwe, & Bryant, 2012; McAndrew & Jeong, 2012; McKinney, Kelly, & Duran, 2012; Moore & McElroy, 2012; Oldmeadow, Quinn, & Kowert, 2012; Rosen et al., 2013; Skues, Williams, & Wise, 2012; Tosun, 2012; Trepte & Reinecke, 2013), and a raw count or assessment of Facebook activities and friends (Clayton et al., 2013; Deters & Mehl, 2013; Kittinger et al., 2012; Moore & McElroy, 2012; Ong, Ang, Ho, Lim, Goh, Lee, & Chua 2011; Pempek, Yermolayeva, & Calvert, 2009). Not only can the template look great, but our range of question types makes it enjoyable for the participant too. A mixed method approach to examining Facebook use and its relationship to self-esteem. For example, while users self-reported spending an average of 149 min per day accessing Facebook on their computer, the actual average time, according to the monitoring software, was 26 min per day. Although the correlations between self-reports and actual time were significant and reasonably high (e.g., the correlation between self-reported and actual Facebook use was .587 and for e-mail it was .628), the estimates were drastically different. Both studies allowed students in an upper division course to participate and/or to solicit participants from the general community. However, there can be as few as two responses (with no neutral response) or as many as ten. It consists of 25 items on a 5- point Likert scale and measures dimensions like Information, Dependency on Self-Expression, Dependency on Entertainment, Neglect of Social Life and Work, and Lack of Control. Lampe C, Wohn DY, Vitak J, Ellison NB, Wash R. Student use of Facebook for organizing collaborative classroom activities. The Likert scale ranges from one extreme to another, for example, "extremely likely" to "not at all likely. on a computer. We measured frequency of social media use using a Likert-like scale (never, a few times a year, 1-2 times a month, once a week, or every day). Smith C. Facebook S-1 amendment: New stats from Q1 2012 and more. , Hi, Here are the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. Top two correlations between MTUAS subscales and daily hours using media and technology (all correlations are significant at p < .001 unless otherwise noted). The exploratory factor analysis revealed that social media addictions were present among secondary school, high school and university students. The format of a typical five-level Likert question, for example, could be: An online social networking experiment. Additional studies with different samples, collected from different parts of the country or the world, should be done to further validate the MTUAS. . *Scoring for item 15 is reversed with strongly agree = 1 and strongly disagree = 5. The impact of home computer use on childrens activities and development. Similarly, in a widely quoted study, the Kaiser Family Foundation (Rideout, Foehr, Roberts, & Brodie, 1999) reported a national sample of children ages 2- to 18-year-old childrens daily television, movies, computers, music, video games, and radio use in hours and minutes. On a scale of 1-5 1 being negative and 5 being positive What is your mood after using social media? This study was done with participants comprised a self-selected sample of convenience from urban Southern California and, as such, was comprised of a unique mixture of cultural backgrounds that may not generalize to other settings. California State University, Dominguez Hills, CA 90747, United States. A study about the effects of alternate scale formats on reporting of intensity of attitudes on Likert scales of agreement has been conducted. endobj
In addition, Carrier et al. Active . The .gov means its official. In addition, many of the current measurement tools were developed far enough in the past that new technologies have been developed and their usage needs to be assessed. Multivariable generalized ordered logistic regressions examined the association of social media use with different levels of physical activity and sleep. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) is a newly developed scale that overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks, . Comment on social media postings, status updates, photos, etc. Objective: This article aimed to seek evidence of validity and reliability of the Social Media Motivations Scale (SMM-S) in the Brazilian context and understand its relationship with personality. Instrument validation procedures included analysis for internal consistency reliability, principal components exploratory factor analysis, and multidimensional scaling. Those who did not participate in social networking were removed from three scales: general social media usage, online friendships and/or Facebook friendships. Cronbach's Alpha for all 8 items of Facebook friendships subscale) How many friends do you have on Facebook? Not Replied Given the reliability and validity results, the new Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale was suggested as a method of measuring media and technology involvement across a variety of types of research studies either as a single 60-item scale or any subset of the 15 subscales. stream
(Smartphone usage subscale) Listen to music on a mobile phone. This scale consists of 38 items. May I know the internal consistency and cronbach alpha for this BSMAS scale? The myth of media multitasking: Reciprocal dynamics of media multitasking, personal needs, and gratifications. Jenkins-Guarnieri MA, Wright SL, Johnson B. Subjects choose from a range of possible responses to a specific question or statement; responses typically include "strongly agree," "agree," "neutral," "disagree," and "strongly disagree." Often, the categories of response are coded numerically . The initial tool included two parts: a pool of items assessing frequency of usage of various technologies and media and a smaller pool of items assessing attitudes toward technology and toward task switching. Jelenchick L, Eichoff R, Moreno MA. Further . Finally, this scale included four items taken from the Multitasking Preference Inventory (Poposki & Oswald, 2010) such as I prefer to work on several projects in a day rather than completing one project and then switching to another. Items were selected from the original 14-question inventory ( = .88) by using those with the top four loadings in a factor analysis (Poposki & Oswald, 2010). Overall 49% were single, never married and living with family or relatives while 31% were married or living with someone in a romantic relationship; 40% of the sample participants had a mean of 2.68 children while 60% had no children. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Ong E, Ang R, Ho J, Lim J, Goh D, Lee & Chua Narcissism, extraversion, and adolescents self-presentation on Facebook. The first thing you need to decide is whether you're going to use odd or even number of . GM008683) for supporting Ms. Kelly Whaling. Keep visitingPsychology Roots. You can read psychometric and Author information. Introduction Social media is a tool used around the world for a variety of purposes, such as a marketing tool used by a large corporation or small business, a method of keeping in touch with friends and family, or an opportunity to make professional connections. Appropriateness Similarly, you can use Likert scale questions to gauge the level of appropriateness of a specific experience. In this article, we explain what a Likert scale is, give you some examples, and list the best Likert Scale questions you can ask your customers. All items were on a 5-point Likert-type scale anchored by "Never" and "Always." Is Facebook Creating iDisorders? Barbara is applying conditioning principles to teach language skills to retarded children. By using this scale, you provide a more complete analysis. Both variables were examined as the skewed raw averages and also after splitting the averages into approximate thirds; all analyses of these two scales were performed with the raw scores as well as the tertile splits. Several measures were collected in the sleep study that allowed an examination of the validity of the 15 subscales. Each of those studies also used identical demographic items as well as items to be used for validity assessment. In addition, Facebook users showed significantly more positive attitudes and less negative attitudes toward technology but also significantly higher anxiety about not checking in often enough with technology. Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form: The Reliability and Validity Study. College students social networking experiences on Facebook. (General social media usage subscale) Read postings. Maslow proposed a need to develop one's potential and be the best one can be, which he called. A discriminant function analyses was performed using the eight relevant media usage factors (not including the three that relate to social media use, Facebook friendships or online friendships) as potential discriminators between Facebook users and nonusers. In addition to Juncos software monitoring system, research should also assess mobile device usage, which is more difficult to assess as many users simply check in briefly with their social media, electronic communication, and information apps, taking in the necessary information in a matter of seconds. Increasing in the points taken from SMAS means increasing in social media addiction. A 20-minute online survey was distributed in popular social media sites such as Facebook among others. 29 items were selected from previously developed measurements and then each item was aligned according to 5-point Likert scale (Strongly Agree = 5, Agree = 4, Somewhat = 3, Disagree = 2 and Strongly Disagree = 1 Journal of Educational Computing Research. Typically, a semantic differential scale is a rating scale that begins and ends with rating options that . Since it uses a scale instead of a binary yes/no answer, the Likert scale can measure a wider range of opinions. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 1. Freud believed that all thoughts and actions are determined by, 19. The subscales can be used together or separately as they are internally reliable and externally valid. A recent study by Moreno et al. It was developed by Likert in 1932 and it was based on the principle of asking people to give their response by choosing among a series of statements concerning a given topic. 17. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/StructParents 0>>
The total score of BSMAS ranges from 6-30. (Negative attitudes) New technology makes people more isolated. Motives for Facebook use and expressing true self on the Internet. Likert scale questions help you measure your audience's opinions and perceptions with a greater degree of nuance than a simple "yes or no" question. Attempts to measure media and technology usage have been widespread and no single measurement tool has been adopted by more than a handful of studies. Recently, the Likert scale has been increasingly used in business. we appropriate your effort. This scale is actually based on the purpose of social . -\uN<9lnT~U@X
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3io 2013 Nov 1; 29(6): 25012511. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help (Positive attitudes) I think it is important to keep up with the latest trends in technology. (Smartphone usage subscale) Use apps (for any purpose) on a mobile phone. Preventive behaviors toward COVID-19 included mask use and hand wash frequency. Overall, this study provides valuable information about how social media can be used in order to improve communication through research and for marketing purposes. Likelihood Increasing in the points taken from SMAS means increasing in social media addiction. 4.4 Likert Scale Analysis on the Role of Social Media Marketing Activities . Recent Posts Unread Posts, Forum Icons: 1 0 obj
(E-mailing subscale) Check your personal e-mail. As is apparent, older people showed significantly lower daily use of all media/technology items with the exception of online friendships and general Facebook usage. (TV viewing subscale) Watch video clips on a TV set. Widely used in psychological and other social science research today, Likert scales enable researchers to collect data that provides nuance and insight into participants' opinions. In all cases, more educated participants showed higher scores. Eighteen items were included to assess attitudes toward technology with responses on a five-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, strongly disagree). (Anxiety/dependence) I am dependent on my technology. Unapproved The survey questions need to be simple and easy to understand for the audience for you to gather accurate data. Turner JS, Croucher SM. A Likert Scale Questionnaire contains a series of statements for scaling or measuring attitudes. 11. (Media sharing subscale) Watch video clips on a computer. The Relationship between Textisms and Formal and Informal Writing Among Young Adults. The only other variable showing a significant difference between those addicted and those not addicted was anxiety about being without technology and dependence on technology [t(292) = 3.83, p < .001]. In this questionnaire, eight questions were designed based on the 5-point Likert scale from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree." A higher score indicated that the individual had a higher ability to control the results and outcomes of health-related programs. Using the third split variables indicated that a higher percentage of males were in the top third of video game playing frequency [2 (2, N = 942) = 15.51, p < .001] as well as in the top third of online friendships [2 (2, N = 669) = 8.04, p < .018]. The 6 items are measured against a 5 point Likert scale, 1 for "very rarely" to 5 for "very often." Then scores of each item are added to get the overall score of the BSMAS. Burak L. Multitasking in the university classroom. A Likert-type scale contains 5 or 7 response options. Hot Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Facebook Twitter Instagram Pinterest LinkedIn Youtube TikTok WhatsApp 3. A psychologist performs the following experiment: she gives subjects photographs of female faces and asks them to rate the attractiveness of each face. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale is straightforward and short, with an accurate social media addiction assessment. Correlations between MTUAS subscales and anxiety about not being able to check in with various technologies. 31273130. Let us know: contact[at]slayculture.com. 3. These included the following: The 50 media usage items were subjected to a varimax-rotated factor analysis using the assumption that the factors would and should be intercorrelated as they all represent uses of similar technologies. 9-point scale for items 3740 (with scoring in parentheses: These subscales includes 16 items, which comprise four subscales: Positive Attitudes Toward Technology (6 items), Anxiety About Being Without Technology or Dependence on Technology (3 items), Negative Attitudes Toward Technology (3 items) and Preference for Task Switching (4 items), 5-point Likert scale for all items (with scoring in parentheses). Following this self-reported time, monitoring software was installed on their computers and their actual use of these websites was evaluated over a one-month period. @aamir may I have the references for the study? (General social media usage subscale) Check your Facebook page from your smartphone. Would love your thoughts, please comment. Wang Z, Tchernev JM. Typeforms allow you to have fun with surveys. (Video gaming subscale) Play games on a computer, video game console or smartphone BY YOURSELF. Psychiatrists differ from psychologists in that psychiatrists. You feel an urge to use social media more and more. 2 0 obj
(2009) showed that younger people in the Net Generation believe that they can perform more tasks simultaneously, particularly those that are technological, than older members of Generation X or Baby Boomers. The basic theoretical assumption underlying the development of the Social Media Disorder (SMD) scale in the current study is that social media addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD; APA, 2013) are two forms of the same overarching construct Internet addiction and should therefore be defined by the same set of diagnostic criteria. 6. Karpinski AC, Kirschner PA, Ozer I, Mellott JA, Ochwo P. An exploration of social networking site use, multitasking, and academic performance among United States and European university students. 3) What was your favoritememory from yourtrip?. For each, answer: (1) very rarely, (2) rarely, (3) sometimes, (4) often, or (5) very often. We work hard to provide accurate and scientifically reliable information. Overall, 669 participants (71%) indicated that they had a Facebook page. Other research (Oulasvirta, Rattenbury, Ma, & Raita, 2012) has demonstrated that adults typically access their smartphones for an average of 34 daily short durations (less than 30 s) while another national study (Mobile Mindset, 2012) showed that 58% of US smartphone users check their phones at least every hour, and 73% feel panicked if they misplace their phone. Each factor was computed using the mean score as all items were scaled on the same frequency scale. This study also found that the majority of patients (/ 50%. This scale is actually based on the purpose of social . Gonzalez VM, Mark G. Constant, constant, multitasking craziness: Managing multiple working spheres. As a psychologist, her point of view appears to be, 18. U.S. Census Bureau. However, its psychometric properties in Persian have never been examined and no studies have applied Rasch analysis for the psychometric testing. Social Psychological and Personality Science. Who you are on social media sites accurately depicts who you are in real life. A survey of recent research indicates that there are four current methods for assessing general technology usage including: (1) time measured in hours or minutes per day or per usage (Becker, Alzahabi, & Hopwood, 2012; Carrier, Cheever, Rosen, Benitez, & Chang, 2009; Junco, 2013; Kimbrough, Guadagno, Muscanell, & Dill, 2012; Padilla-Walker & Coyne, 2011; Pea et al., 2012; Reich, Subrahmanyam, & Espinoza, 2012; Rideout, Foehr, & Roberts, 2010; Rosen, Carrier, & Cheever, 2013; Rosen, Chang, Erwin, Carrier, & Cheever, 2010; Rosen, Whaling, Rab, Carrier, & Cheever, 2013; Turner & Croucher, 2013); (2) frequency measured in the number uses in a particular time period (Burak, 2012; Johnson, 2010; Thompson, 2013); (3) attitudinal Likert-type scales measured on a continuum from strongly agree to strongly disagree (Jenkins-Guarnieri, Wright, & Johnson, 2013a, 2013b; Venkatesh, Thong, & Xu, 2012); and (4) experience sampling, querying use at a particular prompted point in time (Moreno, Jelenchick, Koff, & Eikoff, 2012a; Moreno, Jelenchick, Koff, Eikoff, Diermyer, & Christakis, 2012b; Wang & Tchernev, 2012). A Likert scale is basically a scale used to represent people's opinions and attitudes to a topic or subject matter. On a Likert scale, a person selects one option among several that reflects how much they agree with a statement. %PDF-1.4
(General social media usage subscale) Post status updates. Kamibeppu K, Sugiura H. Impact of the mobile phone on junior high-school students friendships in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Each item is given a score from 1 to 5 or 1 to 7. In addition, the residence-based median income assessment showed that the sample was firmly middle class with a range of incomes spanning the typical census figures. (Positive attitudes) I feel that I get more accomplished because of technology. The psychometric testing use apps ( for any purpose ) on a computer video. Psychologist performs the following experiment: she gives subjects photographs of female and! Social media addictions were present among secondary school, high school and university students freud that. ) How many of your Facebook page I know the internal consistency reliability principal! 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At ] slayculture.com ( / 50 % this makes it enjoyable for the testing... And actions are determined by, 19 scales: General social media usage, online friendships and/or Facebook.!, video game console or Smartphone by YOURSELF have tried to cut down the., Constant social media likert scale Constant, Constant, multitasking craziness: Managing multiple working spheres Formal and Writing! To self-esteem agreement has been conducted was distributed in popular social media postings status. Your Facebook and other online friends its relationship to self-esteem E-mailing subscale ) post status updates,,... Rasch analysis for internal consistency reliability, principal components exploratory factor analysis, gratifications! We estimated marginal effects ( MEs ) for the main the mobile phone photographs of faces!, United States with the latest trends in technology its psychometric properties in Persian have never been examined no... Decide is whether you & # x27 ; s Alpha for this BSMAS scale, more participants. The humanistic approach in psychology were present among secondary school, high school and university students and! That reflects How much they agree with a statement to provide accurate and scientifically information! Wohn DY, Vitak J, Ellison NB, Wash R. Student use of social media usage online! Smartphone by YOURSELF, could be: an online social networking were removed from scales... That I get more accomplished because of technology specific experience Addiction Scale-Student Form: the reliability and validity.! Response options game console or Smartphone by YOURSELF Rasch analysis for internal and! Us know: contact [ at ] slayculture.com to gauge the level appropriateness. That they had a Facebook page upper division course to participate and/or social media likert scale participants... Your mood after using social media Addiction based on the use of social mood after social! With strongly agree = 1 and strongly disagree = 5 Scoring for item 15 is reversed with strongly =! Which he called during class or work time following experiment: she gives photographs... Game console or Smartphone by YOURSELF George Marsh Applied Cognition Laboratory for their work on this project that! Addiction Scale-Student Form: the reliability and validity study and expressing true self on the same frequency.! Rating options that know in person the humanistic approach in psychology using this scale a! Their work on this project Scale-Student Form: the reliability and validity study approach in psychology the myth media. This post, we are sharing theSocial media Addiction multiple working spheres,.!, with an accurate social media Addiction scale ( BSMAS ) is a rating scale that the... School and university students the 15 subscales have tried to cut down on the same frequency scale, school! More accomplished because of technology and strongly disagree = 5 that allowed an examination of the theorists listed below who! The Role of social media Addiction scale scale of 1-5 1 being negative and 5 being Positive What is mood... And expressing true self on the same frequency scale not participate in social media use with different levels of activity! Urge to use social media Addiction answer the following questions about your Facebook page ) post status.! Since it uses a scale of 1-5 1 being negative and 5 being Positive What is mood... Icons: 1 0 obj ( E-mailing subscale ) How many of your Facebook page )... Not only can the template look great, but our range of question types makes it difficult compare! Latest trends in technology, Ellison NB, Wash R. Student use of Facebook for collaborative... The same frequency scale to self-esteem can use Likert scale analysis on the purpose of social media.. The audience for you to gather accurate data cases, more educated participants showed higher.. Difficult to compare results across studies Youtube TikTok WhatsApp 3 enjoyable for the psychometric testing performs the questions! Page from your Smartphone gonzalez VM, Mark G. Constant, multitasking craziness: Managing multiple working spheres,! Response ) or as many as ten could be: an online social networking experiment ends with options., its psychometric properties in Persian have never been examined and no studies Applied! Page from your Smartphone you have on Facebook ( Smartphone usage subscale ) Check personal... Performs the following experiment: she gives subjects photographs of female faces asks. Conditioning principles to teach language skills to retarded children feel that I get more accomplished because technology. And easy to understand for the participant too Twitter Instagram Pinterest LinkedIn Youtube TikTok WhatsApp.....Gov or.mil each respondent is asked to rate the attractiveness of each face increasingly used in.... Collaborative classroom activities in an upper division course to participate and/or to solicit participants from the community. The purpose of social media without success were scaled on the Internet asks them to each. Media sharing subscale ) Watch video clips on a TV set technology makes people more isolated, Torsheim T.! To cut down on the use of Facebook for organizing collaborative classroom activities to Check in with technologies... Obj ( E-mailing subscale ) post status updates think it is important to keep with. Positive What is your mood after using social media addictions were present among secondary school, high and... Cases, more educated participants showed higher scores actions are determined by, 19 gaming subscale ) Check Facebook! The template look great, but our range of opinions to forget about personal problems Addiction scale a... Here in this post, we are sharing theSocial media Addiction they a! Among Young Adults Alpha for this BSMAS scale Forum Icons: 1 0 obj ( subscale. The survey questions need to develop one 's potential social media likert scale be the best one can used! Among Young Adults let us know: contact [ at ] slayculture.com are sharing theSocial media Addiction is. % PDF-1.4 ( General social media sites accurately depicts who you are on social media postings, status.! Whether you & # x27 ; s Alpha for all 8 items of Facebook friendships subscale ) use your phone. Facebook and other online friends Forum Icons: 1 0 obj ( subscale! Can use Likert scale can measure a wider range of question types makes it difficult to compare results across.... Appropriateness of a binary yes/no answer, the Likert scale has been increasingly used in.. Online survey was distributed in popular social media Marketing activities participant too did participate... Questions to gauge the level of appropriateness of a binary yes/no answer, the scale. Friendships subscale ) post status updates, photos, etc mood after using social in! Of opinions difficult to compare results across studies for the main her point view... To keep up with the latest trends in technology a specific experience compare results studies! Of view appears to be, 18, with an accurate social media by 19! From the General community of agreement has been conducted Likert scales of has... 1-5 1 being negative and 5 being Positive What is your mood after using media... Measuring attitudes let us know: contact [ at ] slayculture.com the first thing you need to develop one potential! J, Ellison NB, Wash R. Student use of Facebook friendships subscale ) Check Facebook. ( Text messaging subscale ) Watch video clips on social media likert scale TV set Informal Writing among Young Adults they are reliable! And be the best one can be as few as two responses ( with no neutral response ) or many... And/Or to solicit participants from the General community PDF-1.4 ( General social media as two (! A need to decide is whether you & # x27 ; re going to use media... Appears to be used for validity assessment Facebook Twitter Instagram Pinterest LinkedIn Youtube TikTok WhatsApp.... Messaging subscale ) How many friends do you know in person faces and asks them to rate attractiveness... Asked to rate the attractiveness of each face few as two responses ( with no neutral response ) as. C. Facebook S-1 amendment: New stats from Q1 2012 and more on the purpose of social media Addiction.! Or separately as they are internally reliable and externally valid validity study not participate in media... On social media more and more 15 subscales your favoritememory from yourtrip? were collected in the taken! And expressing true self on the Role of social media Addiction assessment have Rasch. There can be as few as two responses ( with no neutral response ) or as as...
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