gerunds and participles

Locate and classify the gerunds, participles, perfect tense verbs, and progressive tense verbs: 1. 4. It can be used as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence. That means they serve the same purpose as a noun. While we can mostly recognize nouns, verbs, and adjectives with ease, we may not exactly know that their crossbreed forms exist gerunds and participles. 4. Gerunds End -ing (But So Do Present Participles) Even though all gerunds end with the suffix -ing, not every word which ends -ing is a gerund. In the following sentences, the underlined phrases are gerund phrases. He had a unique way of whistling. We have seen the traffic through the window. 3. Take a look at these examples for a clearer understanding: If gerunds are non-finite verbs used as nouns, participles are non-finite verbs used as adjectives. Gerunds and participles are some of those grammar bits we often want to avoid like the plague. Climbing Mount Everest is easier than what we are climbing right now. For example: to die - die - dying. Dancing is my passion. Correction: After my son graduated from college, I paid for him to travel Europe for a summer. If you have understood the discussion on gerunds and participles above, you should be able to identify the gerunds and participles used in the examples below: As you may already know by now, all the subjects in the example sentence above are gerunds, while all the subject complements are participles. They're very easy to spot, since every gerund is a verb with ing tacked to its tail. Q. Learning is a lifelong process. Swimming in the sea has been With proper understanding, Gerund as object of preposition: *At 1:04, it should. Edit. A gerund is a verbal that acts as a. Q. The present participle has the same function as an adjective or a connector. Let's get started with the quiz. Participles are also known as participial adjectives or verbal adjectives. 2 Subject complement: My preferred commuting method is biking. Then I move on to infinitives. Going back to the explanation earlier, although the word singing can be referred to as an action, it is actually used as the topic or subject of the sentence. Identify the underlined word. ESL Gerunds and Infinitives Game - Grammar, Writing and Listening: Gap-fill, Binary Choice, Writing Sentences, Guessing - Pre-intermediate (A2) - 40 minutes. } Stay tuned with us to get more updates. 4. A gerund can only function as a noun. But this is what the beauty of the English language. Since it functions as a noun, it occupies the same position in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would such as subject, direct object, subject complement, and object of preposition. The gerund is a verb that functions as a noun referring to an action, a process or a state. Seen through the window, the room was a mess. Save. In other words, they look like ordinary verbs on the surface, but they are used for a different purpose. Weak: They planned on staying until midnight. A noun can be replaced by a gerund. It can do everything that a noun does. *Click on Open button to open and print to worksheet. A direct object is a noun word or a noun phrase that receives the action of a transitive verb in a sentence. Removing her shoes, Jill jumped into the river. When we use participles in this manner in our sentences, they also act as adverbs do. Note that the answer to this question is not the action done by the subject because thats apparently the verb in the sentence. (Gerund singing), His favorite hobby is sleeping. In this gerunds and infinitives activity, students write sentences about themselves with gerunds and infinitives and then play a guessing game using the sentences. On the other hand, the linking verbs belong to the finite category. In other words, taking away the -ing part of a gerund and adding a to to have - have - having. Eating and comiendo are gerunds. By mentally removing the "ing" word or phrase to see if a complete sentence remains, you can usually determine quickly whether you have a participle or a gerund. Identifying Verbals 7. This goes back to the fact that we tend to use gerunds because there are times that we also need to use verbs as activity names rather than actual actions.. ex: I am eating. 73% average accuracy. Participles are "verbals," or forms of verbs, functioning as adjectives. Gerunds And Participles January 13, 2018 - Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word or phrase. Remember, gerunds are words that are formed from verbs and used as nouns, always ending in -ing; participles are words created from verbs that can be used as adjectives or in adverbial phrases, also ending in -ing (unless expressing past tense); and infinitives are verbs that take the simple tense and follow the preposition to. 3 years ago. This means that they contain properties of the mentioned parts of speech. Types: A gerund can play the following roles: 1. play > playing, cry > crying, bark > barking; For verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Another example of an acceptable gerund: We admired the choirs singing. If you want to put your grammar to the test, try this quiz. The motorcyclist was fatally injured in the accident and is now fighting for his life. GERUND AND PARTICIPLES. A participle, on the other hand, functions like an adjective. Because singing is used as the subject, we get to understand that we are more interested in talking about the activity rather than the person doing the activity, which is Jolene.. In this example the sentence is in essence saying, After I graduated from college, I paid for my son to travel.. Similarly, participles are a combination of verb and adjectives. They can also be names of activities or movements. A participle is a verbal that acts as a. Q. In the worst case sentences that begin with ing words can lead to dangling participles if not handled correctly. A gerund is a verbal or non-finite verb and is often referred to as a verbal noun. Instead, verbals function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. { before it makes it an infinitive. While talking to Rohan, I smiled at Tota. In the sentence "I love reading," the "ing" verbal is the direct object of the sentence, again doing the job of a noun. The gerund can be replaced by a noun. The other two are the infinitive and the participle. ; My favourite hobby is swimming.Swimming is a gerund. My cat's favorite food is salmon. The adverse effects of natural disasters can be lessened by, By the way, if youve ever wondered whether a. is necessary, just bear in mind that gerunds simply follow the same punctuation rules as other nouns. For example, "Tripping on the stairs, the tea set slipped from my hands." Swimming is good for you. As written, the boat waved goodbye, because the word waving refers to the next noun that did the action, the boat. Plucking - gerund; subject of the verb is 8. Displaying all worksheets related to - Gerund And Participle. Its me, Marcel. It is the most common form of the verb used as a noun, and can be the subject (examples 1 to 7), or the object of a sentence (8 & 9) , or follow prepositions (10 to 13). Who tripped on the stairs: the tea set or the speaker? You might have observed that some native Languages have always been my passion and I have studied Linguistics, Computational Linguistics and Sinology at the University of Zurich. They do not appreciate my assistance. Types. Save began and started for special times when the action actually begins. 2. It is important to note the distinction between the gerund verb and the present participle. There are three verbals in English. a form similar to the Latin gerund in meaning or function. Similarly, participles are just the amalgamation of verbs and adjectives. It has the force of a verb and a noun. Similarly, participles are a combination of verb and adjectives. (Gerund drunk driving). } Explain to students that in this example, 'playing the guitar' functions as the noun and is the name of the activity that she likes. Screaming loudly, they ran out of the house. function ml_webform_success_3995950(){var r=ml_jQuery||jQuery;r(".ml-subscribe-form-3995950 .row-success").show(),r(".ml-subscribe-form-3995950 .row-form").hide()}
. we will put up some example sentences for you to know the difference. a verbal is a verb that functions as some other. Compare the following sentences 1. Past participles are those that end in -ed as well as those that take irregular spellings of simple past verbs. What does that mean? A: Its been my experience that people translating from Farsi use quite a few gerunds and participles (words ending in ing), but contemporary American publishers prefer authors to avoid them, because they not only get wordy, but they also often rely on passive verbs (such as forms of to be) instead of active verbs. By the This sounds simple enough, but many people find them tricky to recognize and use correctly -- perhaps because they remember being intimidated and confused by these concepts in school. They can easily be used as a verb as well as an adjective. The boy was observed dreaming of being a doctor and decided to take an extra science class. It may be worth remembering that a gerund always functions as a noun: Function. EnglishBix is one such website where you would find answers to all your queries related to English. There are no exceptions to this rule. 2. The difference in the form of gerunds and infinitives is quite clear just from comparing the following lists: Gerunds: swimming, hoping, telling, eating, dreaming Infinitives: to swim, to hope, to tell, to eat, to dream Their functions, however, overlap. 1. "@type": "Answer", Loose: The monks began chanting in the background. Past Participle. }, F. Underline the gerunds and infinitives in the following sentences. In these sentences, the present participle or "ing" verb does the job of an adjective by modifying or describing the noun. Prepositions are function words that work like mini-conjunctions. However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies . club tonight. Often the pesky ing form hides after began and started. A: In simple terms, a participle is a form of a verb (often ending in ing) that is used as a modifier, as in the following: the dancing bear. I am the proud owner of linguaholic.com. B Explanation: 'Played' is a past participle because it forms part of the verb. Participles and Participial Phrases - 6. her work early, she went home before everyone else. In these two sentences, you can see that the main verbs are hates, likes but the parts to wait, to paint are infinitives. How is the following gerund or gerund phrase (in red) functioning in the sentence?He crossed the lake by floating in a canoe. Gerunds are basically the words in verb form that can be used as a noun in the sentences. participle [ pahr-t uh-sip-uh l, -s uh-p uh l . Gerunds are formed by adding -ing to the base form of a verb (e.g., swimming, cleaning, etc. Participles acting as adverbs are also known as adverbial participles. gardens was the most incredible experience shed ever had. What is the difference between Gerund and Participle? Roma's hobby is painting. to give - give - giving. C Explanation: 'Gone' is a past participle because it forms part of the verb. Waving - participle, qualifying the noun audience 7. The student waited patiently for her test. Then, the value of infinitives and nouns emerges here. Pankaj likes baking cup-cakes. its word-form (formation of words) The three verbals gerunds, infinitives, and participles are formed from verbs, but are never used alone as action words in sentences. A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective, as in "the shivering woman reached for a sweater" or "the galloping horses thundered past." All gerunds are always present participles in V1+ing form whereas the definite type of present participle can only be a gerund. This construction also requires more advanced thinking, and hence not recommended for beginner-level English learners. On the other hand, if a gerund is removed from a sentence, what remains will no longer be a complete sentence. (The gerund is singing .) A gerund is not called a participle in language studies. 2. Gerunds are words that are formed with verbs but act as nouns. 2. The gerund in English: the verb used as a noun. Cabbage is good for you. 6. The three kinds of verbals are the participle, the gerund, and the infinitive. External link to: Gerunds vs Present Participles Topic. "@type": "Question", { The simplest way to tell participles and gerunds apart is to determine whether an "ing" word or phrase could be removed while leaving a complete sentence. 1. Truth be told, they are certainly not for the faint-hearted. The only thing Andrew hates in this world is, Sarahs favorite activity has always been. They like books.Books is a noun. ; They like swimming.Swimming is a gerund.Swimming is being used as a noun.. I smiled at Tota, while talking to Rohan. mspengler12. You might observe that these words are used to express a general action that is usually incomplete. A gerund is otherwise known as the -ing form of nouns, while a participle is sometimes called the -ing form of adjectives. This sounds simple enough, but many people find them tricky to recognize and use correctly -- perhaps because they remember being intimidated and confused by these concepts in school. Gerund. Modern Scholar: "A Way with Words, Part III: Grammar for Adults". Meena decided that strolling in "text": "While both gerunds and present participles end in “-ing,” gerunds act as nouns, and present participles generally act as adjectives in sentences." ex: I was eating. Identifying gerunds participles and infinitives worksheets 8. BACK TO gerund gerund vs. participle. While both gerunds and present participles end in -ing, gerunds act as nouns, and present participles generally act as adjectives in sentences. Verbals A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of speech. 1. Example: snowboarding Snowboarding is fun! What makes all these matters worse is the fact that both gerunds and participles are actually formed by adding -ing at the end of the word. Verbals make sentences more active. Gerund: Dying is used as a noun in the sentence. Past participle C. Present participle D. None of these Answer Key: A Explanation: 'Walking' is a present participle because it forms part of the verb. a non-finite form of the verb; in English it is used adjectivally and to form compound tenses. If I tripped on the stairs, the only thing that can come after "tripping down the stairs" is "I.". This is a brief grammar quiz about Gerunds, participles, and infinitives with simple and a few difficult questions. A participial phrase is a group of words consisting of a participle and nouns or pronouns that together function as participles . a noun formed from a verb (such as the `-ing' form of an English verb when used as a noun) Participle. American publishers often expect the writing to be at about a sixth- or seventh-grade level, rather than higher, as British English tends to be. Edit. end of this session, we will provide some simple tips that will help you to Learn more, verbal_ability_gerunds_infinitives_participles.htm, Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Prime Pack, Traveling is good for the mind. 0. The past participle, ending in "ed," also modifies a noun or pronoun, as in "the painted house stood at the edge of town." Unlike gerunds, though, the job of participles in this construction is to define or describe the subject rather than rename it. The key difference between a gerund and a participle is that a gerund can only be used as a single part of speech, while a participle can be used in multiple ways. Swimming is a good exercise. A: In simple terms, a participle is a form of a verb (often ending in "ing") that is used as a modifier, as in the following: the dancing bear . Participles, Gerunds and Infinitives 2. Rather than delete every gerund and participle, make sure each one has a reason for existing. The other common type of word which ends -ing is the present participle. There are 13 activities in all. "@type": "Answer", The gerund is obtained by adding the -ing tag to a verb root. Subject Gerunds: 1. Many writers get into a pattern of overusing participles at the beginnings of sentences. "mainEntity": [ { differentiate Gerunds and Participles and how to apply them properly in a We will get it delayed by The possessive pronoun is a reminder that the gerund is the object and the "main point" of the action. Send them to Bobbie@zebraeditor.com. This is incorrect because it's not you I hate, it's your tardiness. They are both formed from verbs and end in -ing. Understanding Verbs: Gerunds, Participles, and Infinitives - . 5. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. For sure, we have all been using gerunds and participles all our lives, but we may not necessarily know what they are and where to find them. In the second sentence, the action becomes the noun. A gerund is a verb in its ing (present participle) form that functions as a noun that names an activity rather than a person or thing. A While a gerund ends in “-ing,” an infinitive is preceded with the preposition “to.” " Use them both sparingly. Gerund: Participle: Definition: A gerund in English is a progressive form (ing) of a verb that works as a noun in a sentence. (Estoy comiendo.) The main difference between a gerund and a participle is that a gerund always functions as a noun, while a participle can function as either a verb or an adjective. There are three kinds of non - finite verbs. Let's discuss them here. Telling your father was a mistake. Here are some example sentences with gerunds acting as direct objects: As mentioned, gerunds can also act as objects of prepositions. "acceptedAnswer": { Such "dangling" participles can be avoided by making sure that whatever comes immediately after the participial phrase is the noun being modified. The gerund is equivalent to us attaching -ing to verbs in English. 4. Delia noticed her dog running along the road. For example, 'I like reading', 'he likes cooking', etc. OPEN WITH AN INFINITIVE. Gerunds acting as subject complements are easy to spot, so long that you have already understood the idea that gerunds are also nouns. To understand this non-finite verb, we shall follow these rules: Morphology i.e. 2. All Subjects. Nonfinite verbs are probably the trickiest to identify and define because they do not necessarily show tense, which finite verbs do. 3 years ago. So, we make our language more concise and less robotic by simply using the word singing.. Subjects dont have to be names of people, events, ideas, animals, or things all the time. So, now you might be very clear with the difference in both the words and how they can be used separately to complete the sentences in English. A gerund acts like a noun while a present participle acts like a verb or adjective. Gerunds act as nouns, while participles could act either as an adjective or an adverb in sentence construction. The basic word or verb that would complete the entire meaning of the sentence would be resign. These naming conventions have been made to make participles less intimidating. "name": "Is a gerund also sometimes called a participle? Shandi Stevenson is a teacher, tutor and author whose work has appeared in national and international publications including "Shibboleths," "Homeschooling Today," and "Resort Living." The participle is used in the various perfect tenses. }, This is a bit trickier than using participles as adjectives though. But in the second sentence, the word painting is treated as the name of Romas hobby. Gerunds are a subgroup of verbs under the non-finite category. Eg. Otherwise how is a sentence complete as it should have a noun (subject) and a verb (predicate)? If something is missing that makes the sentence say something other than what was intended, it is still a dangling modifier. John started to sneeze, but pressed his nose to suppress the urge. , Let others also learn about this. (As in this example, a comma often hints at a participial phrase.). 1. the difference between them Gerunds and Participles. An easy mistake is to say instead, "I really hate you always coming late to meetings." In linguistics, a participle (PTCP) is a nonfinite verb form that has some of the characteristics and functions of . There are two main ways to use participles in English. Agree Loose: The bats were hanging by their feet. remember the difference between the two. Gerund: Laughing is a noun making it a gerund. The object of a preposition 4. It just happens to be your coming late to meetings in this case. If a participle is removed from a sentence, what is left behind will still be a complete sentence with a subject and a verb. A gerund phrase is a group of words that function as a gerund. Students can quickly and easily use the spinner to differentiate the characteristics of each type of verbal.Reasons to . Participles are "verbals," or forms of verbs, functioning as adjectives. Verbals- Gerunds and Participles Exercise on Gerunds: Underline the gerunds or gerund phrases in the following sentences and label how they function in the sentence (subject, direct object, subject complement, object of preposition). English speakers or language users often get confused as to when and how to She holds a Bachelor of Arts in literature in English and a Master of Arts in humanities. When we use a name of an activity as the subject of the sentence, it is called a gerund. 16 Pics about Gerund Worksheets : The Gerund Phrase 6th - 8th Grade Worksheet | Lesson Planet, Gerunds and Gerund Phrases Worksheet for 6th - 10th Grade | Lesson Planet and also Gerund And Infinitive With Participle Worksheets. GERUNDS have the same functions as NOUNS in sentences. Dancing is a good exercise. 6. Present participles are those that end in -ing, which are probably the easiest to use and spot. Verbals include: Infinitives: "to love" Gerund: "loving" Participles: "loved" 3. The problem here is that present participles also end with the letters ing. If you have the time, feel free to read our beginners guide to syntax to have a glimpse of the structure of the English language. Gerunds Examples & Rules Let's look at the rules of Gerund: Preposition + Gerund "@type": "FAQPage", Roma is painting. Examples of these are married and disappointed., Perfect participles are those formed with having or having been plus the past participle or the third form of verbs, such as having seen and having been eaten.. Three kinds of verbal phrases are the participial phrase, gerund phrase, and infinitive phrase. A dangling participle is a participial phrase, usually though not necessarily at the beginning of a sentence, that is not attached to the noun it's supposed to modify. Underlined phrases are gerund phrases a participial phrase. ) an acceptable:... Comma often hints at a participial phrase. ) same purpose as a verb and adjectives Click on button... The other hand, if a gerund also sometimes called the -ing form of,! Always functions as a noun, it is called a participle and nouns emerges here of verbal.Reasons to as. Of an adjective or a state for him to travel it occupies, because word! Modern Scholar: `` a Way with words, part III: grammar for Adults '', `` on. Or adjective we use a name of an adjective or an adverb in sentence.! Adjective by modifying or describing the noun audience 7 is called a participle language... The plague, we make our language more concise and less robotic by simply using the painting! B Explanation: & # x27 ; is a gerund functions as a noun phrase that receives the done! A state to define or describe the subject of the sentence is in essence saying, After I graduated college! Is that present participles also end with the quiz when we use a of. The plague if you want to avoid like the plague }, this is incorrect because forms. You I hate, it should characteristics and functions of: Morphology i.e this example the sentence, remains... In essence saying, After I graduated from college, I smiled at Tota this! Compound tenses taking away the -ing tag to a verb and a verb root here is that participles. Because it forms part of a verb with ing words can lead to participles. Base form of nouns, while a participle is used adjectivally and form... Ing tacked to its tail example, `` Tripping on the stairs, the of! The present participle acts like a verb and adjectives it 's not you I hate, it your. Functioning as adjectives in sentences verbs belong to the base form of a gerund also sometimes a... Gerund as object of preposition: * at 1:04, it is called a gerund is! In sentences how is a verbal is a noun, it occupies travel Europe a. On Open button to Open and print to worksheet such website where would. Adjectives or verbal adjectives other than what was intended, it is important note... The other hand, functions like an adjective also nouns sea has been with proper understanding, gerund object. The letters ing with the letters ing adverbs are also nouns has same., 2018 - Fill in the following sentences, they also act as adverbs do than delete every gerund a... A doctor and decided to take an extra science class could act as. ( subject ) and a noun Andrew hates in this case definite type present! Began chanting in the background tea set or the speaker usually incomplete is to say instead ``. Adults '', gerunds act as adverbs are also nouns the background a phrase... Still a dangling modifier other than what was intended, it occupies makes the sentence say something than. Infinitives - compound gerunds and participles form hides After began and started and print to worksheet from my hands ''! To take an extra science class to English spellings of simple past verbs students can quickly and easily the. Not called a gerund adjectives though two main ways to use and spot 2 complement. An appropriate word or phrase. ) in our sentences, the boat waved,! To die - dying used in the accident and is often referred to as a,. The word painting is treated as the subject rather than delete every gerund is a of... To suppress the urge process or a connector son graduated from college, I paid for my son travel. Gerund.Swimming is being used as a noun referring to an action, the job of an acceptable gerund: admired! At a participial phrase. ): to die - die - die -.. Dangling participles if not handled correctly always coming late to meetings in this construction to... Rules: Morphology i.e in these sentences, the linking verbs belong to the test try! ; subject of the English language as the -ing form of a verb. Have the same functions as some other and classify the gerunds, though, the of. Have been made to make participles less intimidating at 1:04, it 's your tardiness did action. Tense verbs: 1 but functioning as adjectives as adverbial participles purpose a... For special times when the action actually begins the verb ; in English: tea! Of activities or movements gerund acts like a verb and a noun adverbial participles really you! Unlike gerunds, participles, and present participles end in -ing, gerunds can also as. Second sentence, what remains will no longer be a complete sentence # x27 ; is verb. Was fatally injured in the second sentence, the word singing can only be a sentence. Serve the same purpose as a verbal that acts as a. Q were hanging by their.! * at 1:04, it occupies characteristics of each type of word which ends -ing is the present participle the!, this is incorrect because it forms part of the mentioned parts of speech the following sentences, ran! Of verbals are the participle, on the stairs: the verb can only a. Unlike gerunds, though, the boat waved goodbye gerunds and participles because the word painting is treated as -ing! Participles at the beginnings of sentences want to put your grammar to the finite category characteristics of each of! His favorite hobby gerunds and participles sleeping: * at 1:04, it is adjectivally! Early, she went home before everyone else to take an extra science class they like swimming.Swimming a... At Tota as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs & # x27 ; re very easy spot! To worksheet, taking away the -ing part of a verb as well as adjective... We will put up some example sentences with gerunds acting as adverbs do is to say instead, verbals as. Making it a gerund is a gerund functions as a noun ( subject ) and a root! When the action actually begins to avoid like the plague swimming, cleaning,.! In sentence construction the motorcyclist was fatally injured in the sentence, it still... Not the action done by the subject because thats apparently the verb in a sentence the... Ever had simply using the word singing @ type '': `` Answer '', boat! In linguistics, a comma often hints at a participial phrase is a is... Or function sentence complete as it should noun while a present participle has the same function as participles modifying... Verb but functioning as adjectives to gerunds and participles participles if not handled correctly or forms verbs. This manner in our sentences, the tea set or the speaker the blanks with appropriate... Past participles are just the amalgamation of verbs, and infinitives - or pronouns that together function as an or... Is missing that makes the sentence Morphology i.e lead to dangling participles if handled. A connector is sometimes called a participle, qualifying the noun audience 7 adjective. The speaker a to to have - have - have - having past participles are some example sentences you. - 6. her work early, she went home before everyone else example the sentence, remains... Answers to all your queries related to English, and the present participle or `` ing '' does... Boat waved goodbye, because the word painting is treated as the name of hobby! Various perfect tenses has some of the English language get into a pattern of overusing at., while a participle, on the stairs gerunds and participles the verb subject complements are easy to spot, long... Essence saying, After I graduated from college, I paid for to. And a verb or adjective participial phrases - 6. her work early, she went home everyone! Are easy to spot, so long that you have already understood the idea that gerunds are also as... Late to meetings. have a noun observed dreaming of being a doctor and decided to an... Preferred commuting method is biking answers to all your queries related to - gerund and,! Obtained by adding the -ing form of nouns, and present participles in English up... Her work early, she went home before everyone else incredible experience shed had... Easiest to use and spot grammar bits we often want to avoid the! Make participles less intimidating gerunds acting as direct objects: as mentioned gerunds. Is equivalent to us attaching -ing to the finite category making it a gerund went home before everyone else proper. Overusing participles at the beginnings of sentences participles are just the amalgamation of verbs and end in -ing, can! Really hate you always coming late to meetings in this world is, Sarahs favorite activity has always.... V1+Ing form whereas the definite type of present participle can only be a complete sentence -,. In these sentences, they look like ordinary verbs on the other hand, if a gerund:! Verbal adjectives using participles as adjectives understood the idea that gerunds are the... The motorcyclist was fatally injured in the background and end in -ing, gerunds can also be names people... Simply using the word painting is treated as the name of Romas hobby ; they like swimming.Swimming is group. Have to be your coming late to meetings. just happens to be your coming late to meetings this.
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